중국 절강성 온주상(溫州商)의 역사적 형성에 관한 연구：역사제도적 분석을 중심으로
A Study on the Historical Formation of Wenzhou Business People and Private Economy in Zhejiang Province, China：focusing on Historical Institutionalism
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초록
중국 절강성 온주지역에서 온주상(溫州商)을 중심으로 한 비즈니스 네트워크와 원거 리 무역을 통해 발전해 온 민영경제는 온주지역의 상업문화 전통과 역사에서 기인하였 다. 그리고 온주의 상공업 전통과 민영기업조직의 행위는 계약 및 거래행위를 규범화시 키고 사유재산권의 보호를 필요로 하는 상황 하에서 권리를 보호하고 경제적 효율성을 담보하는 제도로서 기능하였다. 특히 본 연구는 ‘역사제도적 분석’이라는 이론적 틀에 의거하여 중국 절강성에서 온주상이 형성되어 온 역사적 과정을 살펴보았다. 온주상에 대한 역사적 분석을 통해 이들 상인들의 상호 신뢰를 기초로 한 거래행위, 그리고 온주 상간의 거래 네트워크는 불확실한 중국의 경제상황과 그리고 법제도적 규칙이 가변적인 환경에서 거래비용을 최소화시키는 요소임을 설명하였다. 또한 온주상의 문화전통에서 유래하는 창업정신과 온주의 민영기업가의 시장학습 및 혁신정신을 나타내는 ‘자기 강 화적인’ 비즈니스 활동은 역사에서 축적된 온주의 경험으로서 지속적인 경제성장을 일 궈 온 내적 동력이었음을 설명하였다.
Abstract
Despite Wenzhou has not benefited much from its local advantages as a geographically peripheral part of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Business People has successfully developed its private economy. The private economy of Wenzhou has been promoted by the tradition of historical trade and commerce in Wenzhou region which depends on a network of Wenzhou traders working throughout China. The tradition of business and its development of private enterprise in Wenzhou established the Wenzhounese personalized network to conduct commercial and trade activities using their own efforts, in which improved their own economic situation at considerable political risk. Futhermore, Wenzhou business people were historically influenced by the value of traditional Confucianism of ‘material bears morals’ from ‘the school of Yongjia thought’. This regional culture inspires Wenzhou business people to face market risks, and take responsibility to pursue the value of their property or to innovate organization of private enterprise. This study uses the theoretical approach of the ‘historical institutionalism’ to make an analysis the historical formation of Wenzhou business people and its private economy development. Finally, we attempted to explain that since the economic reform across rural China, the economic growth of Wenzhou is generally initiated from the ‘self-reinforced’ business activity of Wenzhou people which results from historical and cultural experience of Wenzhou region.
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