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이행기 중국 경제에 있어 사회적 자본 및 제도 구조가 기업 간 거래관계 지속성에 미치는 영향: 자동차 산업 부품 공급 관계를 중심으로

Social Capital, Institutional Structure and the Stability of Inter-firm Trading Relationships in China’s Automobile Industry

이강표
한국국제경영학회 (Korean Academy of International Business)|2008.12|국제경영연구 (International Business Journal)|제19권 제4호|pp. 51-81

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참고문헌

키워드

중국China자동차 산업Inter-firm relationshipinstitutional structureautomobile industryasset specificity자산특유성기업 간 관계제도 구조
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 계획경제에서 시장경제로의 전환이라는 이행기 중국의 환경 맥락 하에서 기업이 기존 파트너와의 관계를 지속하려는 성향에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 사회적 자본에 따른 효익과 기존 제도 구조의 제도적 영향의 작용을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 1998년부터 2005년까지의 기간 중 중국의 32개 완성차 제조업체와 477개 부품 공급업체간 거래 관계를 대상으로 분석을 수행한 결과, 사회적 자본 축적에 따른 효과가 비교적 크게 발휘될 수 있는 높은 자산특유성을 수반한 거래일수록 기존 파트너와의 관계를 지속하려는 경향이 강하다는 점을 확인함과 동시에 제도 구조 내 소속 위치가 유사한 기업 간 관계를 지속하려는 성향 역시 강한 것으로 확인되었다. 한편 이와 같은 사회적 자본 및 제도 구조의 기업 간 관계 지속 성향에 대한 상대적 영향의 정도는 소속 계통과 같은 기업의 제도 배경의 차이에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타내는 것으로 판명되었다. 즉 관계 특수적 자산에 대한 투자를 의미하는 자산특유성 정도는 민영기업을 포함, 과거 자동차 산업과의 제도적 연계성이 적은 비기계, 비군사 계통 배경의 신진 완성차 제조업체의 거래 관계 안정성에 비교적 강한 영향을 미치는 반면 전통적인 자동차 산업 관할 부문인 기계 계통 소속의 완성차 제조업체의 관계 안정성에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 동시에 제도 구조 내 소속위치의 영향에 있어 縱적, 기능별 계통 상 소속 동질성은 군사공업 계통 배경의 기업 간 관계 지속 성향에 강한 영향을 미치는 반면 橫적, 지역별 계통 상 소속 동질성은 기계 계통 배경의 지방정부 소속 기업의 관계 지속 성향에 가장 강한 작용을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

Abstract

This study highlights the distinctiveness of emerging economic order in post- socialist China through illuminating institutional legacies of the past state socialism on structuring economic relations of the transitional present. Utilizing data on supply relations between 32 major Chinese automakers and 477 parts and components suppliers during the period of 1998 to 2005, this study finds that while social capital benefits that have been highlighted by previous studies as important drivers of stable exchange structure do tend to promote stable relationship between the automakers and parts suppliers, institutional homophily, that is, the similarity of each firm’s affiliation within the previous administrative structure of the state socialism, also tend to have strong influence on the tendency of firms to repeat its previous relationships. The tendency of firms sharing similar institutional affiliations to continue its formal ties, the tendency that I termed as “institutional inertia,” tended to be stronger for state-controlled firms formally affiliated with the machinery system which were in charge of the industry within the planned economic system, whereas relation-specific factors such as asset specificity had more significant effect on relational structure of relatively newcomer automakers which were either privately owned or state-controlled firms with different affiliational background from those who formerly controlled the industry.

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