ChatGPT 피드백과 동료 피드백이 중학생 글쓰기 능력에 미치는 영향
Effects of ChatGPT feedback and peer feedback on middle school students' writing skills
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초록
학생의 글쓰기 능력을 증진하기 위해서는 학생 자신의 글에 대한 즉각적이면서 의미 있는 맞춤형 피드백을 받아야 한다. 하지만 학교 현장에서 한 명의 교사가 여러 학생의 글에 대해 읽고 맞춤형 피드백을 제공하기 위해서는 많은 시간적 제약이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 활용된 동료 피드백의 경우는 전문성의 부족으로 피드백의 정확성과 피드백의 목적이 갖는 의미 있는 맞춤형 피드백을 제공하지 못하는 점 등의 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이런 관점에서 이 연구는 ChatGPT를 이용하여 동료 피드백을 대안으로 활용하되 교사만큼 전문적이면서 맞춤형 피드백을 제공할 수 있는지를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 부산에 소재한 D중학교 1학년 116명을 대상으로 글쓰기 능력에 ChatGPT 피드백과 동료 피드백 간의 효과 차이를 검증한 결과, ChatGPT 피드백이 동료 피드백의 대안 전략으로 활용할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 학생들의 심층 면담 자료와 소감일지를 분석한 결과 첫째 피드백의 전문성과 구체성 측면에서는 ChatGPT 피드백이 동료 피드백보다 글쓰기 능력 향상에 도움이 되는 도구로 활용할 수 있다는 점, 둘째 공감 등의 관계성 측면에서 ChatGPT 피드백보다 동료 피드백을 선호하였고 셋째, 재미와 즐거움 등의 참여 동기 측면에서는 동료 피드백과 ChatGPT 피드백에 대해서 상반되는 반응을 보였으며 넷째, 피드백의 길이와 복잡성 측면에서는 동료 피드백을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 이 연구를 통해 글쓰기 교육에서 피드백 전략으로서 ChatGPT 피드백과 동료 피드백의 활용 여부는 학습자의 특성이나 수업의 목적에 따라 두 가지 전략을 선택적으로 활용하거나 동시에 사용하는 것이 효과적일 수 있음을 보여주었고 ChatGPT 피드백과 동료 피드백은 서로 보완적인 역할을 할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 보다 효과적인 학습 환경을 조성할 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.
Abstract
To improve students’ writing skills, students need to receive immediate, meaningful, and personalized feedback on their writing. However, there are many time constraints for a single teacher to read and provide personalized feedback on multiple students' writing in a school setting. Peer feedback, which has been used to overcome this problem, suffers from a lack of expertise, which limits the accuracy of the feedback and the ability to provide meaningful and personalized feedback. Therefore, this study aims to verify whether ChatGPT can be used as an alternative to peer feedback and provide customized feedback as professional as a teacher. We tested the difference in effectiveness between ChatGPT feedback and peer feedback on writing skills of 116 first graders at D Middle School in Busan, Korea, and found that ChatGPT feedback can be utilized as an alternative strategy to peer feedback. The analysis of students' in-depth interviews and reflective journals showed that, first, ChatGPT feedback can be used as a tool to help students improve their writing skills more than peer feedback in terms of expertise and specificity of feedback; second, students preferred peer feedback to ChatGPT feedback in terms of relationality such as empathy; third, students had conflicting responses to peer feedback and ChatGPT feedback in terms of motivation to participate such as fun and enjoyment; and fourth, students preferred peer feedback in terms of length and complexity of feedback. In conclusion, this study shows that the use of ChatGPT feedback and peer feedback as feedback strategies in writing education can be effective depending on the characteristics of the learners and the purpose of the lesson, and that both strategies can be used selectively or simultaneously, suggesting that ChatGPT feedback and peer feedback can play complementary roles and create a more effective learning environment.
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