Iodine and thyroid function
1
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Severe iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism that results in impaired somatic growth and motor development in children. Mild and moderate iodine deficiencies cause multifocal autonomous growth of thyroid, which results in thyrotoxicosis. On the other hand, iodine excess is associated with the development of hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity. In areas of iodine deficiency, a sudden increase in iodine intake is associated with transient hyperthyroidism. Recent studies demonstrated that long-term thyroid function of subjects who experienced both iodine deficiency and iodine excess during childhood tended to be abnormal despite optimization of their current iodine intake. Iodine status in the Korean Peninsula is very unique because people in the Republic of Korea have been shown to have predominantly excessive iodine levels, whereas the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is known to be an iodine-deficient area. Further research is warranted to verify the optimal ranges of iodine intake and to clarify the effects of iodine intake on thyroid disorders in the Korean Peninsula.
Abstract
Severe iodine deficiency causes hypothyroidism that results in impaired somatic growth and motor development in children. Mild and moderate iodine deficiencies cause multifocal autonomous growth of thyroid, which results in thyrotoxicosis. On the other hand, iodine excess is associated with the development of hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity. In areas of iodine deficiency, a sudden increase in iodine intake is associated with transient hyperthyroidism. Recent studies demonstrated that long-term thyroid function of subjects who experienced both iodine deficiency and iodine excess during childhood tended to be abnormal despite optimization of their current iodine intake. Iodine status in the Korean Peninsula is very unique because people in the Republic of Korea have been shown to have predominantly excessive iodine levels, whereas the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is known to be an iodine-deficient area. Further research is warranted to verify the optimal ranges of iodine intake and to clarify the effects of iodine intake on thyroid disorders in the Korean Peninsula.
참고문헌 (51)
- de Escobar GM, "Iodine deficiency and brain development in the first half of pregnancy", Public Health Nutr, 10(12A), pp.1554~1570 (2007)
- World Health Organization, "Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition" (2005), World Health Organization
- Zimmermann MB, "Iodine deficiency", Endocr Rev, 30, pp.376~408 (2009)
- Pearce EN, "Global iodine nutrition: where do we stand in 2013?", Thyroid, 23, pp.523~528 (2013)
- Nicola JP, "The Na+", I- symporter mediates active iodide uptake in the intestine, 2009, pp.296, C654~C662
- Eskandari S, "Thyroid Na+", I- symporter. Mechanism, stoichiometry, and specificity, 1997, pp.272, 27230~27238
- Oppenheimer JH, "Determination of common parameters fo iodothyronine metabolism and distribution in man by noncompartmental analysis", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 41, pp.319~324 (1975)
- Weaver JC, "Excretion of radioline in human milk", J Am Med Assoc, 173, pp.872~875 (1960)
- Bidart JM, "Expression of pendrin and the Pendred syndrome (PDS)gene in human thyroid tissues", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, pp.2028~2033 (2000)
- Mitchell AM, "Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression in human placenta", Placenta, 22, pp.256~258 (2001)
- Burns R, "The placenta as a compensatory iodine storage organ", Thyroid, 21, pp.541~546 (2011)
- Jameson JL, "Endocrinology adult and pediatric: the thyroid gland" (2013), Saunders
- De La Vieja A, "Molecular analysis of the sodium", iodide symporter: impact on thyroid and extrathyroid pathophysiology, 2000, pp.80, 1083~1105
- Morton ME, "Inhibiting effect of inorganic iodide on the formation in vitro of thyroxine and diiodotyrosine by surviving thyroid tissue", J Biol Chem, 154, pp.381~387 (1944)
- Wolff J, "Plasma inorganic iodide as a homeostatic regulator of thyroid function", J Biol Chem, 174, pp.555~564 (1948)
- Wolff J, "The temporary nature of the inhibitory action of excess iodine on organic iodine synthesis in the normal thyroid", Endocrinology, 45, pp.504~513 (1949)
- Uyttersprot N, "Moderate doses of iodide in vivo inhibit cell proliferation and the expression of thyroperoxidase and Na+", I- symporter mRNAs in dog thyroid, 1997, pp.131, 195~203
- World Health Organization, "Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers" (2007), World Health Organization
- Zimmermann MB, "Assessment of iodine nutrition in populations: past, present, and future", Nutr Rev, 70, pp.553~570 (2012)
- Indicators for assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and their control programmes: report of a joint WHO, "UNICEF", ICCIDD consultation, WHO, pp.1993, ~
- Jahreis G, "Bioavailability of iodine from normal diets rich in dairy products--results of balance studies in women", Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 109, pp.163~167 (2001)
- Konig F, "Ten repeat collections for urinary iodine from spot samples or 24-hour samples are needed to reliably estimate individual iodine status in women", J Nutr, 141, pp.2049~2054 (2011)
- Andersen S, "Reliability of studies of iodine intake and recommendations for number of samples in groups and in individuals", Br J Nutr, 99, pp.813~818 (2008)
- Teas J, "Variability of iodine content in common commercially available edible seaweeds", Thyroid, 14, pp.836~841 (2004)
- Spencer CA, "Thyroglobulin measurement. Techniques, clinical benefits, and pitfalls", Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 24, pp.841~863 (1995)
- Knudsen N, "Serum Tg: a sensitive marker of thyroid abnormalities and iodine deficiency in epidemiological studies", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp.3599~3603 (2001)
- Zimmermann MB, "Thyroglobulin is a sensitive measure of both deficient and excess iodine intakes in children and indicates no adverse effects on thyroid function in the UIC range of 100-299 μg", L: a UNICEF, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, pp.2013, 98[DOI]
- Benotti J, "Determination of total iodine in urine, stool, diets, and tissue", Clin Chem, 11, pp.932~936 (1965)
- Yabu Y, "Measurement of iodide in urine using the iodideselective ion electrode", Endocrinol Jpn, 33, pp.905~911 (1986)
- IAEA collaborative study, "Minor and trace elements in breast milk: report of a joint WHO", pp.1989, World Health Organization
- Haldimann M, "Direct determination of urinary iodine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using isotope dilution with iodine-129", Clin Chem, 44, pp.817~824 (1988)
- Pino S, "Ammonium persulfate: a safe alternative oxidizing reagent for measuring urinary iodine", Clin Chem, 42, pp.239~243 (1996)
- Zimmermann MB, "Iodine-deficiency disorders", Lancet, 372, pp.1251~1262 (2008)
- Laurberg P, "Iodine intake as a determinant of thyroid disorders in populations", Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 24, pp.13~27 (2010)
- Belfort MB, "Low iodine content in the diets of hospitalized preterm infants", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 97, pp.E632~E636 (2012)
- van de Ven AC, "Longitudinal trends in thyroid function in relation to iodine intake: ongoing changes of thyroid function despite adequate current iodine status", Eur J Endocrinol, 170, pp.49~54 (2013)
- Melmed S, "Williams textbook of endocrinology" (2011), Saunders
- Markou K, "Iodine-Induced hypothyroidism", Thyroid, 11, pp.501~510 (2001)
- Chung HR, "Subclinical hypothyroidism in Korean preterm infants associated with high levels of iodine in breast milk", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94, pp.4444~4447 (2009)
- Parravicini E, "Iodine, thyroid function, and very low birth weight infants", Pediatrics, 98(4 Pt 1), pp.730~734 (1996)
- Brown R, "Brook’s clinical pediatric endocrinology", pp.218~253 (2005), Blackwell Publishing
- Kahaly GJ, "Iodide induces thyroid autoimmunity in patients with endemic goitre: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", Eur J Endocrinol, 139, pp.290~297 (1988)
- Li Y, "Antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies in a five-year follow-up survey of populations with different iodine intakes", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93, pp.1751~1757 (2008)
- Feldt-Rasmussen U, "Iodine and cancer", Thyroid, 11, pp.483~486 (2001)
- Sang Z, "Longterm exposure to excessive iodine from water is associated with thyroid dysfunction in children", J Nutr, 143, pp.2038~2043 (2013)
- Lee J, "Iodine status in Korean preschool children as determined by urinary iodine excretion", Eur J Nutr, 53, pp.683~688 (2014)
- Choi J, "Urinary iodine and sodium status of urban Korean subjects: a pilot study", Clin Biochem, 45, pp.596~598 (2012)
- Hwang S, "Correlation between iodine intake and thyroid function in subjects with normal thyroid function", Biol Trace Elem Res, 143, pp.1393~1397 (2011)
- Lee SH, "The comparison study of urinary iodine excretion between prepubertal children with and without simple goiter", pp.2012
- 이현숙, "한국인의 요오드 섭취와 요오드 상한섭취량", Journal of Nutrition and Health, 44(1), pp.82~91 (2011), 한국영양학회
- "Iodine deficiency in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea" (2014)[URL]