국제규제와 지역성장: 세계생산네트워크 관점에서 본 다자간 섬유협정
International Regulations and Regional Growth: A Case Study of Multifiber Arrangement of WTO
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초록
본 연구는 국제규제가 세계생산지리를 어떻게 변화시키는지, 이로 인해 각 지역의 성장 결과가 어떻게 달라지는지를 세계생산네트워크(GPN) 관점을 통해 분석한다. GPN 이론은 기업 및 국가, 시민사회 등 세계적으로 상호 연결된 다양한행위자들이 어떻게 재화와 용역을 생산, 분배, 소비하는지를 잘 보여주고 있으나,그동안 기업 외 행위자에 대한 관심이 상대적으로 부족하였다. 특히 국제규제체제의 경우, 그 중요성은 널리 인지되고 있으면서도 이에 대한 실질적인 경험 연구가 진행되지는 못하였다. 이에 본 논문은 국제규제로 인해 세계생산네트워크가어떻게 변화되는지, 그로 인한 생산지리와 지역성장의 결과는 어떻게 달라지는지를 보임으로써, 세계지역경제성장에서 국제규제가 가지는 중요성을 보이고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 개념적 논의를 통해 국제규제가 GPN과 지역자산의 전략적 결합을 어떻게 변화시키는지 살펴보고, 이후 구체적으로 World Trade Organization(WTO)의 Multifibre Arrangement(MFA) 사례를 통해 이를 논증할 것이다. 주로문헌분석과 시계열적 데이터를 이용하였고, 분석 결과 선진국, 주요 수출개도국,최빈개도국별로 국제규제로 인한 지역성장의 결과가 상이한 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of international regulations or institutions onthe geography of a global production network(GPN) and its consequent regionalgrowth. The GPN theory, which the paper draws upon, explains well how variousactors such as firms, states, and CSOs are interconnected in a multi-scalar geographicalstructures and how they produce, distribute, and consume goods and serviceswithin the network. The literature so far, however, pays little attention tonon-firm actors, especially to international regulatory systems that all GPNs areembedded within. Their significance is widely recognized, but empirical studies havenot been sufficiently conducted. For the reason, the paper aims at conceptualizinghow international regulations affect the dynamics among actors within GPNs anda strategic coupling process between TNCs in a GPN and a region(or regional institutions). This process is then explored and examined through a case study ofWTO/MFA(Multifibre Arrangement). The empirical analysis demonstrates that MFAhas changed the geography of GPNs and resulted in different regional growth inthe three groups of countries－advanced industrial, main exporting, and leastdevelopment.
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