≪說文解字≫에서 본 원시 고대 건축 형태 ― 穴居, 巢居 형태 위주로 ―

Abstract

The development of residential buildings in China ranges from natural caves to artificial construction　and from underground caves and tree nests to ground buildings, after a long period of development, through documents, books，mutual verification of archaeological data and Chinese Characters. in order to have an understanding of the living conditions of Chinese ancestors, we need to summarize the following points: 1. The oracle inscriptions and the bronze ones handed down from Shang Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty. It records the social customs inherited from the time or the previous generations. Through the study of the oracle bone inscriptions and the glyphic structure of the inscriptions, it can correspond to the actual situation of life at that time, and has reference value. The culture of prehistoric times was hundreds to thousands of years apart from Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty. But we can still infer the life style of that time from the written and archaeological data. 2. Because of the different geographical and climatic conditions in China, cave dwelling and nest dwelling are two different primitive forms of dwelling. The former takes Yangshao culture as its representative, and the latter is represented by Hemudu Culture as its representative, displaying different characteristics of houses. 3. Cave dwelling and half-cave dwelling houses distributed in the Yellow River basin, because of the characteristics of losses. It provides good development conditions for later rammed earth buildings; Stilt style architecture developed from Nest House, and, undoubtedly, the wooden construction and construction methods used in this project will have a profound impact on future generations. Therefore, Chinese traditional building materials are mainly civil engineering, through mortise and tenon member. The application of Plate building technology builds a magnificent palace and a magnificent Pavilion which form a completely different style from Western stone architecture. 4. The difference of the times during Xu-Shen could not see the appearance of inscriptions on oracle bones. So there are errors in interpretation such as the explanations of the words “出, 各, 复, 乘, 困” are not the original meaning of the “word-making”. Through the research of the later generations, the errors in ≪Shuowen≫can be corrected.