한국 해외건설산업의 성장과정과 대응전략에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to intend in side of offering basic data in order that domestic construction enterprises may be able to establish and accomplish the overseas growth strategy in the future. This study was carried that the expansion and growth process of Korean overseas construction industry from its beginning until recently had been contributing positively to Korean national economy development and growth effect. And also this study confirmed that the amount of orders received had been achieving its role of motive power for Korean national economy development in Korea economy historical aspect. For the benefit of accomplishing these purposes, the growth process of overseas construction industry from 1965 to the end of 2006 was divided into three periods on the basis of the amount of orders received and growth process of overseas construction as the developing period(1965～1973), the spreading period(1974～1981), and the stabilizing and settling period(1982～2006). In view of the results so far achieved, Korean overseas construction industry's growth ascribed its success to elements of market environment such typical construction process as U.S army → Vietnam → South East Asia → North America → Middle East. And in business part, as occupying high weight of plant-construction in engineering and building, orders received for plant has been gradually growing in amount and improving business structure. However, it means that the superiority in side of construction rather than in managerial side of design, plan and supervision has been secured. And the diplomatic support policy of Korean government for overseas construction has been exerting an important element on the growth of overseas construction industry. Furthermore, in order to search it in detail on the elements of competitive advantage in Korean overseas construction, the growth process of Korean overseas construction industry was divided into two levels of enterprise and government. Results turned out as following. In level of enterprise, competitive advantages came from the firm faith of CEO for internationalization, core competence of specialized enterprise, and element of location advantage, etc.. And in level of government, overseas construction policy had been performing differently as dividing into the Middle East advancing period during 1974～77 and the overheating period during 1978~83. First, during first half 4 years(1978~83), as Middle East market had been increasing rapidly due to skyrocketing oil prices, Korean Construction companies had been recognizing the overseas construction as strategic industry advancing to Middle East, and government also had been operating support policies and settling institutional devices. Second, during second half 6 years(1978~83), government promoted continually general policies in order to recover competitiveness and prevent insolvency of overseas construction industry. On the other hand, overseas construction industry has been estimated that it had not only provided the decisive role to supply financial sources for higher growth and development of Korea economy but also exerted the powerful role to overcome the first and second oil crises. And it has been dedicated largely in side of solving unemployment by raising employment and increasing national income through the enlarging effect of foreign currency income, inducing creation of value-added and export of material as well. In aspect of applying accumulated leading technology, I would like to suggest that overseas construction enterprises shall put the construction experience accumulated to practical use under the various construction environment through joint and subcontract with local and leading companies. They have been practically contributing directly and indirectly to the enhancement of national welfare and increasement of value-added through applying technology and experience achieved from overseas, and also in the field of construction management they has retained competitive superiority.