Antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenic genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis
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Purpose: The goal of this study was to characterize the patterns of antimicrobial resistanceand virulence genes in samples of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from periodontitispatients. Methods: From July 2015 to August 2015, oral saliva was collected from a total of 112 patientsdiagnosed with periodontitis, including 80 outpatients in dental hospitals and 32 patientsin dental clinics located in Seoul and Cheonan. The samples were subjected to a susceptibilitytest to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, and the pathogenicfactors and antimicrobial resistance factors in the DNA of S. aureus were analyzed usingpolymerase chain reaction. Results: A susceptibility test against 15 antimicrobial agents showed that 88% of cultureswere resistant to ampicillin, 88% to penicillin, and 2% to oxacillin. Resistance to at leasttwo drugs was observed in 90% of cultures, and the most common pattern of multidrugresistance was to ampicillin and penicillin. Enterotoxins were detected in 65.9% of samples. The cell hemolysin gene hld was detected in 100% of cultures and hla was detected in97.6% of samples. All strains resistant to penicillin and ampicillin had the blaZ gene. Theaph(3′)IIIa gene, which encodes an aminoglycoside modifying enzyme, was detected in46.3% of samples. Conclusions: In the treatment of oral S. aureus infections, it is important to identify thepathogenic genes and the extent of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, it is necessary tostudy patterns of antimicrobial resistance and cross-infection in the context of periodontologicalspecialties in which antimicrobials are frequently used, such as maxillofacial surgery,where the frequency of antimicrobial use for minor procedures such as implant placementis increasing.
Abstract
Purpose: The goal of this study was to characterize the patterns of antimicrobial resistanceand virulence genes in samples of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from periodontitispatients. Methods: From July 2015 to August 2015, oral saliva was collected from a total of 112 patientsdiagnosed with periodontitis, including 80 outpatients in dental hospitals and 32 patientsin dental clinics located in Seoul and Cheonan. The samples were subjected to a susceptibilitytest to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, and the pathogenicfactors and antimicrobial resistance factors in the DNA of S. aureus were analyzed usingpolymerase chain reaction. Results: A susceptibility test against 15 antimicrobial agents showed that 88% of cultureswere resistant to ampicillin, 88% to penicillin, and 2% to oxacillin. Resistance to at leasttwo drugs was observed in 90% of cultures, and the most common pattern of multidrugresistance was to ampicillin and penicillin. Enterotoxins were detected in 65.9% of samples. The cell hemolysin gene hld was detected in 100% of cultures and hla was detected in97.6% of samples. All strains resistant to penicillin and ampicillin had the blaZ gene. Theaph(3′)IIIa gene, which encodes an aminoglycoside modifying enzyme, was detected in46.3% of samples. Conclusions: In the treatment of oral S. aureus infections, it is important to identify thepathogenic genes and the extent of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, it is necessary tostudy patterns of antimicrobial resistance and cross-infection in the context of periodontologicalspecialties in which antimicrobials are frequently used, such as maxillofacial surgery,where the frequency of antimicrobial use for minor procedures such as implant placementis increasing.
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