포스트휴머니즘 관점에서 본 발명의 의미와 발명교육의 방향
Invention and Invention Education from a Posthumanist Perspective
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이 연구는 인간중심 존재론을 해체하고 다양한 유목적, 횡단적, 관계적 주체를 추구하는 포스트휴머니즘의 관점에서 발명의 의미를 재탐색하고 미래 발명교육을 위한 함의를 찾는 데 그 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 미래의 학생들이 다양한 인간 및 비인간 존재들과 상호작용하여 지식을 생성ㆍ공유하는 과정에서 발명은 어떤 의미를 가지며 미래 발명교육의 방향은 어떠해야 하는지를 탐색하였다. 포스트휴머니즘은 신물질주의를 토대로, 확장된 주체들 간의 서로 연결된 세계의 작용을 이해하고자 하는 존재론적 담론이다. 인본주의 관점에서 ‘발명’이 원자적 개인이 독립적으로 능력을 발휘하여 새로운 산물이나 아이디어를 산출하는 과정이나 활동으로 개념화된다면, 탈인본주의에서는 단일 주체(인간), 선형적 발명 과정, 개인 역량 중심의 발명 개념 등이 해체되고 복수 주체(인간 및 비인간 존재 포함), 행위주체성, 물질과 관념의 뒤섞임, 창발, 네트워크상의 상호의존성 및 상호관련성 등의 개념을 바탕으로 새롭게 재개념화된다. 이 연구는 포스트휴머니즘에 기반 한 새로운 발명 개념을 토대로, 물질수행성에 대한 인식, 제한된 목표달성이 아닌 ‘되어가는’ 과정에의 참여 강조, 개인 역량에서 얽힌 관계로의 초점 전환, 학습에서 다중 양식 및 다양한 앎의 방식의 사용 독려, 그리고 지속가능성 요소의 포함을 향후 발명교육의 방향으로 제언하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of invention and find implications for future invention education from a posthumanist perspective, which deconstructs human-centered ontology and pursues nomadic, transversal, and relational subjects. Specifically, the study explored the meaning of invention in the process of creating and sharing knowledge by interacting with various non-human beings, and discussed the direction of future invention education. Posthumanism is an ontological discourse that seeks to understand the workings of the interconnected and interrelated world of humans and nonhuman subjects, based on neo-materialism. While ‘invention’ from a modernist perspective is conceptualized as a process or activity in which an atomic individual independently exerts his or her ability to invent new products or ideas, posthumanism recognizes multiple agencies, the entanglement of matter and ideas, emergence and creativity, and networked interdependence and interrelationships. Based on the new conceptualization of invention from a posthumanist perspective, this study suggested as the direction of future invention education, recognition of material performance, participation in the creative 'becoming' process rather than pursuing limited goals, shifting focus from individual competence to intertwined relationships, encouraging the use of multiple modes and various ways of knowing, and finally the inclusion of the sustainability element in invention education.
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