버지니아 울프의 『플러쉬』에 나타나는 인간과 동물사이의 이타성과 연대
Altruism and Solidarity between Humans and Animals appearing in Virginia Woolf’s Flush
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본 연구는 버지니아 울프의 『플러쉬』에 나타난 인간과 동물사이의 이타성과 연대와 함께 문학적 상상력이 어떻게 생태학적 잠재력을 갖고 있는지를 탐구한다. 먼저 울프가 어떠한 관점으로 인간과 동물의 관계를 바라보는가를 살펴보고자 한다. 다음으로는 울프가 동물의 의인화를 통해 인간과 비인간 동물의 유대관계를 어떻게 재현하고 있는지를 작품을 통해 분석한다. 마지막으로 동물 행동학 연구가이자 철학자인 뱅시안 데스프레의 인간과 동물간의 상호작용과 사회적 관계성 연구 관점을 토대로 『플러쉬』에서 인간과 동물이 어떻게 함께 사유하는가에 대해 고찰한다. 데스프레는 인간과 비인간 동물의 탐구를 통하여 비인간 동물을 바라보는 관점이 변해야 한다고 말한다. 울프는 인간과 비인간 동물이 함께 어우러지는 일상적인 하루의 장면을 인간중심적이지도 인간을 배제하지도 않고 서로 조화롭게 그리고 있다. 이처럼 울프는 『플러쉬』에서 인간이 상호 의존적으로 얽혀 살아가는 비인간 동물의 목소리에 귀기울이고 조화롭게 행동해 나아가야 한다는 것을 “너무 가볍지도 그리고 너무 무겁지도” 않게 작품 속에서 재현하고 있다.
Abstract
This study explores the altruism and solidarity between humans and animals appearing in Virginia Woolf’s Flush and how literary imagination contains ecological potential. First, this paper illuminates the perspective Woolf uses to view the relationship between humans and animals. Then, it examines how Woolf recreates a bonding relationship between humans and nonhuman animals through the anthropomorphic depiction of the animal. Finally, the paper utilizes the research regarding interactions between humans and nonhuman animals and their social relationships conducted by ethologist and philosopher Vinciane Despret and looks into how humans and animals think in conjunction with each other. Despret argues that perspectives through which nonhuman animals are viewed should be changed through researches on humans and nonhuman animals. Woolf depicts the harmonious everyday life between humans and nonhuman animals without being too humanistic nor antagonistic towards humans. As such, in Flush Woolf recreates in not “too slight and too serious” fashion that humans need to pay attention to the voices of nonhuman animals that co-exist with them, and act in harmonious ways.
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