버지니아 울프의 『등대로』에 나타나는 에코페미니즘적 상상력
Ecofeminist Imagination in the Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse
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이 논문은 에코페미니즘적 관점에서 버지니아 울프(Virginia Woolf)의 『등대로』(To the Lighthouse)에 나타나는 울프의 생태의식과, 에코페미니즘 그리고 양성론에 대해서 고찰하고자 한다. 영국 모더니즘을 대표하는 울프는 인간과 자연세계간의 경계를 상호 투과적으로 인식한다. 그리고 울프의 생태적 관심과 독특성은 모더니즘 소설에 대한 생태비평의 영역을 확장하는데 기여한다. 이것은 초기 생태비평의 자연문학 장르중심의 연구 대상에서 확장하여, 모더니즘 소설에 대한 재해석을 통해 기존에 생태비평에서 미처 주목하지 못했던 모더니즘 소설에 대한 생태적 인식을 새롭게 재발견하는 성과를 가져온다. 당시 시대적으로 논쟁적인 사회적, 정치적, 그리고 여성에 관한 주제들과 자연 세계를 연관 지어 재현해 나간 울프의 작품은 모더니스트 문학작품에 대한 생태비평적 연구에 활력을 불어넣고 있다. 이와 더불어 울프의 『등대로』를 에코페미니즘적 논의를 통해 해석하고자 하는 시도는 이성중심적이고 남성중심적인 가부장제 사회구조에서 여성과 자연에 대한 억압과 지배로부터 자연과 여성의 해방을 통해 오늘날 전지구적 환경적 위기에서 문학적 상상력을 통한 생태계 위기 극복에 이바지하는 데 그 목적이 있다.
Abstract
This paper delves into Virginia Woolf’s ecological consciousness, ecofeminism and androgyny present in To the Lighthouse from an ecofeminist perspective. Woolf, who is representative of English Modernism, perceives the boundary between the humans and the natural world as being mutually permeable. Her ecological interest and uniqueness contribute to the expansion of the ecocriticism research regarding modernist novels. Such expansion, from a nature-literature genre focused subject matter in early ecocriticism, makes it possible to reinterpret modernist novels and finds success in rediscovering ecological consciousness where early ecocriticism failed to notice. In addition, the delicate portrayal of the natural world, which Woolf produces in relation with contemporary disputatious topics on society, politics and women, calls for an ecofeminist approach. The attempt to interpret To the Lighthouse from an ecofeminist discourse serves as a momentum for the rediscovery of ecocriticism in modernist novels. Also, it contributes to overcoming today’s ecological crisis through the emancipation of nature and women from the exploitation and oppression in a rationalistic, androgenic and patriarchal social structure.
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