화성 천천리 구석기시대 유적의 검토

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the cultural characteristicsof lithic technology by inferring the human behaviors in the Middle andLate Paleolithic period in the analysis of the Paleolithic stone toolsexcavated from the Cheoncheon-ri site in Hwaseong City, GyeonggiProvince. A total of 38 stone tools were excavated from the Cheoncheon-ri site,accounting for nearly half of the excavation rate of stone fragments (17pieces: 44.7%). The number of shaped stone tool is 6 pieces(13.1%), withcutter, a scraper, a polyhedral, and the unfinished stone tools (3 pieces). In addition, the number of flake related to production accounted for 13pieces (31.5%), and 1 hammer stone and 1 core were excavated. Twenty-one layers of soil were identified in the survey area. Among these,the stone remains excavated layer from which stone tools were excavatedis the fifth layer, which is a mixture of yellowish-brown clay and coarsequartz-based sand, and has an altitude of 44.9∼45.4m above sea level. Itis similar in appearance to the other paleolithic sites around it at the layerpattern. The cultural layer from which stone tools are excavated is ayellowish-brown clay layer, and a dark brown clay layer with a wedgestructure exists in the lower layer. This cultural and geological aspects of Cheoncheon-ri site contrast with the first culture layer of the Gambaesan site in Hwaseong, the first culturelayer of the Osan-ri Paleolithic site in Hwaseong, the second culture layerof the Cheonggye-ri Paleolithic site in Hwaseong, and the cultural layerof the Gosaek-dong dites in Suwon. The results of absolute dating throughOSL or AMS measured at these sites generally show the age values of 15,000∼21,000 B.P. Therefore, it can be inferred that the excavated layers of thePaleolithic remains of the Cheoncheon-ri site in Hwaseong were formedfrom the end of the Middle Paleolithic Age to the beginning of the UpperPaleolithic Age, considering these absolute dating values and therelationship between the Paleolithic sites excavated stone tools. Although the Cheoncheon-ri site in Hwaseong is a small in size, it isexpected to be a good data for the study of Paleolithic stone technologyin this area as it shows characteristic examples of the Paleolithic stoneindustry identified in Suwon and Hwaseong.