The effects of growth medium and partial shade on early growth of milkweed (Calotropis procera L.) under drought stress
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The use of growth medium is often recommended milkweed seedlings to grow and develop after emergence, and it is affected by growth medium and local habitat conditions. The effects of growth medium and partial shade on early growth of milkweed under drought stress (Calotropis procera L.) were studied in a field experiment. A split-split plot experimental design with three replications was carried out in the nursery. The main treatment plot was divided into two levels of shade; (no shading and partial shading). Sub treatment plot1 included growth medium at four levels (G1 = clay [suitable for milkweed growth], G2 = clay + sand, G3 = clay + perlite, G4 = clay + perlite + sand) and sub treatment plot2 included drought (irrigation intervals) at six levels (D1 = 2 [control], D2 = 4, D3 = 6, D4 = 8, D5 = 10, and D6 = 12 days per for three month). The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased emergence percentage, shoot length, shoot dry weight (SDW1), root dry weight (RDW), seedling dry weight (SDW2) and vigor index (VI). The use of growth medium increased all seedling characteristics. The G3 (clay + perlite) growth medium showed the highest performance, especially in terms of emergence percentage and seedling dry weight. Partial shade improved shoot length, shoot dry weight, and vigor index. Our results showed that the best treatment for high-vigor milkweed seedlings under drought stress was G3(clay + perlite) growth medium and partial shade.
Abstract
The use of growth medium is often recommended milkweed seedlings to grow and develop after emergence, and it is affected by growth medium and local habitat conditions. The effects of growth medium and partial shade on early growth of milkweed under drought stress (Calotropis procera L.) were studied in a field experiment. A split-split plot experimental design with three replications was carried out in the nursery. The main treatment plot was divided into two levels of shade; (no shading and partial shading). Sub treatment plot1 included growth medium at four levels (G1 = clay [suitable for milkweed growth], G2 = clay + sand, G3 = clay + perlite, G4 = clay + perlite + sand) and sub treatment plot2 included drought (irrigation intervals) at six levels (D1 = 2 [control], D2 = 4, D3 = 6, D4 = 8, D5 = 10, and D6 = 12 days per for three month). The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased emergence percentage, shoot length, shoot dry weight (SDW1), root dry weight (RDW), seedling dry weight (SDW2) and vigor index (VI). The use of growth medium increased all seedling characteristics. The G3 (clay + perlite) growth medium showed the highest performance, especially in terms of emergence percentage and seedling dry weight. Partial shade improved shoot length, shoot dry weight, and vigor index. Our results showed that the best treatment for high-vigor milkweed seedlings under drought stress was G3(clay + perlite) growth medium and partial shade.
참고문헌 (36)
- Abdul-Baki AA, "Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria", Crop Sci, 13, pp.630~633 (1973)
- Abo-Rezq H, "Effect of sand in growing media on selected plant species", Eur J Sci Res, 26, pp.618~623 (2009)
- Bazrafkan M, "Influence of drought stress on germination of Calotropis procera L. and improvement of threshold", 석사, pp.2011
- Bewley JD, "Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination" (1994), Plenum Press
- Chalton JF, "Temperature effects on germination of New Zealand herbage grasses", Proc N Z Grassl Assoc, 47, pp.165~172 (1986)
- Close DC, "Provenance effects on pre-germination treatments for Eucalyptus regnans and E. delegatensis seed", For Ecol Manag, 170, pp.299~305 (2002)
- Crow TR, "Reproductive mode and mechanisms for self-replacement of northern red oak (Quercus rubra): a review", For Sci, 34, pp.19~40 (1988)
- Damizadeh GR, "Effect of environmental conditions on survival of Capparis decidua seedling", Iran J For Poplar Res, 12, pp.509~531 (2004)
- Duchesne LC, "Effect of seed predation, shade and soil organic matter on the early establishment of eastern white pine and balsam fir seedlings", For Chron, 76, pp.759~763 (2000)
- El-Moslimany AP, "Ecology and late-Quaternary history of the Kurdo-Zagrosian oak forest near Lake Zeribar, western Iran", Vegetatio, 68, pp.55~63 (1986)
- Gehlhausen SM, "Vegetation and microclimatic edge effects in two mixedmesophytic forest fragments", Plant Ecol, 147, pp.21~35 (2000)
- Ghaedi M, "The influence of light, temperature and salinity on seed germination of Haloxylon aphyllum L", Sci Res J Iran Range Manag Soc, 2, pp.411~420 (2009)
- Giménez-Benavides L, "Seed germination of high mountain Mediterranean species: altitudinal, interpopulation and interannual variability", Ecol Res, 20, pp.433~444 (2005)
- Ginley MM, "Conservation Biology, Ecology and Biolodiversity. Zagros Mountains Forest Steppe. Encyclopedia of Earth", ~ (2008)
- Grange RI, "The water economy of unrooted leafy cuttings", J Hortic Sci, 58, pp.1~17 (1983)
- Guma IR, "Effect of temperature and salinity on germination of Salsola vermiculata L. (Chenopodiaceae) from Canary Islands", J Arid Environ, 74, pp.708~711 (2010)
- ISTA, "International rules of seed testing", Seed Sci Technol, 20, pp.53~55 (2002)
- Katembe WJ, "Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of two Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae)", Ann Bot, 82, pp.167~175 (1998)
- Khan MA, "Effect of salinity, temperature, and growth regulators on the germination and early seedling growth of Atriplex griffithii var. stoksii", Can J Bot, 72, pp.475~479 (1994)
- Khurana E, "Ecology of seed and seedling growth for conservation and restoration of tropical dry forest: a review", Environ Conserv, 28, pp.39~52 (2001)
- Leakey RRB, "Low-technology techniques for the vegetative propagation of tropical trees", Commonw For Rev, 69, pp.247~257 (1990)
- López-Barrera F, "Edge type effect on germination of oak tree species in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico", For Ecol Manag, 217, pp.67~79 (2005)
- Mansoory M, "A Directory of Wetland in Middle Est", Ramsar Sites Information Service, ~ (1992)
- Newton AC, "Lowtechnology propagation of tropical trees: rooting physiology and its practical implications", Mass production Technology for genetically Improved Fast Growing Forest Tree Species, 2, pp.417~424 (1992), AFOCEL[DOI]
- Ofori DA, "Vegetative propagation of Milicia excelsa by leafy stem cuttings: effects of auxin concentrations, leaf areas and rooting medium", For Ecol Manag, 84, pp.39~48 (1996)
- Qian YL, "Influence of trinexapac-ethyl on diamond zoysiagrass in a shade environment", Crop Sci, 39, pp.202~208 (1999)
- Ramazani M, "The evaluation of drought and salinity effects on germination and seedling growth caper (Capparis spinosa L.)", Iran J Rangeland, 2, pp.411~420 (2009)
- Ray GJ, "Restoring Caribbean dry forests: evaluation of tree propagation techniques", Restor Ecol, 3, pp.86~94 (1995)
- Rincón E, "Growth responses of tropical deciduous tree seedlings to contrasting light conditions", Trees, 7, pp.202~207 (1993)
- Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, "Ability to avoid drought stress in seedlings of two oak species is lower in a dense forest understory than in a medium canopy gap", For Ecol Manag, 255, pp.421~430 (2008)
- Sadeghian T, "An investigation of some soil physicochemical properties in Calotropis procera L. habitats (the case study of southern rangelands of Fars province)", Rangeland, 3, pp.641~651 (2010)
- Mansour Taghvaei, "Effects of seed sources and shade on vigor of Brant's oak seedling", Journal of Ecology and Environment, 33(4), pp.299~306 (2010), 한국생태학회
- Mansour Taghvaei, "The effects of salt stress and prime on germination improvement and seedling growth of Calotropis procera L. seeds", Journal of Ecology and Environment, 35(2), pp.73~78 (2012), 한국생태학회
- Tobe K, "Seed germination and radicle growth of a halophyte, Kalidium capsicum (Chenopodiaceae)", Ann Bot, 85, pp.391~396 (2000)
- Wilson SB, "Using compost for container production of ornamental wetland and flatwood species native to Florida", Nativ Plants J, 7, pp.293~300 (2006)
- Yusef Saleh SA, "Effect of mixing date palm leaves compost (DPLC) with vermiculite, perlite, sand and clay on vegetative growth of Dahlia (Dahlia pinnata), Marigold (Tagetes erecta), Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) and Cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) plants", Res J Environ Sci, 5, pp.655~665 (2011)
