M – C – M'과 전형문제의 종결
M－C－M＇ and the End of the ‘Transformation Problem’
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초록
지난 백 년 동안 마르크스 이론을 기각하는 주된 이유는 악명 높은 ‘전형문제’였다. 비판자들은 마르크스가 생산가격 이론에서 불변자본과 가변자본의 투입물을 가치에서 생산가격으로 전형하지 않았고, 따라서 마르크스 이론은 논리적으로 불완전하고 비정합적이라고 주장한다. 이 논문은 불변자본과 가변자본의 투입물은전형이가정되어 있지 않으므로, 마르크스의 투입물의 전형은 실패하지 않았다고 주장한다. 불변자본과 가변자본은 가치와 생산가격의 결정 모두에 있어서같은 것, 즉 주어진 것으로 간주되는 화폐자본의 순환(M – C – M')의 시작에서 생산수단과 노동력을 구매하기 위해 투하된 실제 화폐자본의 양으로 생각되며, 따라서 마르크스의 생산가격이론은 논리적으로 정합적이며 완전하다. 3절에서는 이러한 마르크스 이론의 ‘화폐적’ 해석을 대수적으로 요약한다. 그리고 4절에서는 이 ‘화폐적’ 해석을 뒷받침하는 문헌적 증거들을 제시한다.
Abstract
The main reason for rejecting Marx’s theory over the last century has been the infamous ‘transformation problem’. The critics argue that in Marx’s theory of prices of production he ‘failed to transform the inputs’ of constant capital and variable capital from values to prices of production and thus Marx’s theory is logically incomplete and inconsistent. This paper argues that Marx did not ‘fail to transform the inputs’ because the inputs of constant capital and variable capital are not supposed to be transformed. Instead, constant capital and variable capital are supposed to be the same in the determination of both values and prices of production ― the actual quantities of money capital advanced to purchase means of production and labor-power at the beginning of the circuit of money capital (M－C－M') which are taken as given ― and thus Marx’s theory of prices of production is logically coherent and complete. An algebraic summary of this ‘monetary’ interpretation of Marx’s theory is presented in Section 3. And examples of the textual evidence to support this ‘monetary’ interpretation are presented in Section 4.
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