왕필의 형명론- 철학방법론적 관점에서 -

Abstract

Thers is no one who suggests methodology more than Wangbi(王弼) in chinese history of philosophy. A Theory of XING-MING is one of his philosophical Methodologies. However it is not initially proposed by him. It is from the Early Chinese Taoism(先秦道家) and some of Huáng lao-Taoists(黃老學者) in Han dynasty who enjoy to use this methodology. Wang Bi succeeded to the thought of senior scholars and made it as one of his own important methodology to develope his idea. A Theory XING-MING is the theory which is studying the relationship between XING(形) and MING(名). Wang Bi suggested that The Form is being first and the name is given to it. But he did not approve of the opposition. The form is the individual presence which is springing up, raised and completed from the ultimate being, Tao(道). In order to distinguish the various forms, human being made a name to a form respectively. Name(名) has the regulation which reveals the characteristic and defines to be distinguished from the specific form and other form. Therefore, if the name does not exist, we can't discuss the reality and reason about all things with shapes. However, the name is not perfect and has a limit. Wang Bi warned not be obsessed to the name but to deeply inquire about the duality of name. Wang Bi mentioned not only methodology buy also Ming(名) as Political and moral dimension and Xing(刑) as legal term. For the former, he criticized Chang Ming Zhuyi(尙名主義) from Confucianism, while for the latter, harsh laws and severe punishments from Fajia School(法家). He criticized that Emphasis of Confucianism on honor and justification caused excessive competition and it undermined the stability of the communities. He also criticized Fajia(法家) that they made rigorous and detailed standards, which led the people to fear through crackdown and discrimination and which increases only lies and deception in doing like that. So Wang Bi suggested that the nation should be governed on the basis of human innocence and sincerity for the better country.