‘삼의일발’에서의 ‘일발’에 대한 고찰 - 발우의 구성 갯수를 중심으로

Abstract

It is not clear whether ‘1container’ in ‘3clothes‐1container (三衣一鉢)’ is a singular ‘one’ or ‘one set’ consisting of several. Because, while ‘one bowl’ is currently used in the southern Buddhist area where there is a practice of mendicancy, it is because they use ‘comprehensive Balwoo’ (合鉢盂) which is one set of four bowls in the northern Buddhist area of China and others. This question is examined in the context of a Chinese translation-Buddhist scriptures First, there are two cases in which ‘1container’ appears as ‘one bowl’. There are ‘only one bowl‘ and ‘1container (a set)’ where ‘four bowls’ are combined. The first ‘1container’ is the Balwoo, which Sujata provided food with Yumijuk to the Buddha, and it is mentioned in many scriptures including “Boyogyeong(普曜經)”. However, Sujata‘s food providing point is divided into before Enlightenment and after Enlightenment depending on the scripture, and so therefore, the nature of Sujata Balwoo, if it is before Enlightenment then it is ‘Seungbal’ (僧鉢), and if it is after Enlightenment, it becomes the first ‘Bulbal’ (佛鉢) in the Buddhism. There are also two cases in the second case of “1container” combined with ‘four bowls’. One is Sujata Balwoo and The past three Buddha Balwoo, and the other is the Balwoo, after the Enlightenment of Sakyamuni, where the Four Heavenly Kings provided food. A tale that Sujata Balwoo and The past three Buddha Balwoo are combined into one Balwoo appears only in “Bulseoltaeja- seoeungbongigyeong(佛說太子瑞應本起經)”, and Balwoo of Four Heavenly Kings appears in scriptures including “Obunryul (五分律)”. On the other hand, as comprehensive Balwoo such as 3hap and 4hap is shown in Codes of Laws such as “Magaseunggiyul(摩訶僧祇律)”, “Sipsongryul(十誦律)”, “Obunryul”, and “Sabunryul”, etc., it can be seen that these Codes of Laws were used in the Buddhist Order at the time when they were assembled. Meanwhile, one interesting point is that in “Sabunyul” there are two types of Balwoo, big and small in addition to 3hap and 4hap Balwoo. Although I cannot clearly explain the reason for this point in the study, but the occurrence of one comprehensive Balwoo seems to have originated from Beopjangbu using “Sabunyul”. The background of the occurrence of comprehensive Balwoo in Vinaya‐piṭaka is the relation between food and Balwoo. In relation to food, there was an anto pakkam (內煮) cooking food in the temple at the time of Buddha, but it should be noted that it was temporary and should not be judged as ‘mendicancy converted into a form of cooking and eating steamed rice in a temple’. The association with Balwoo is when Balwoo itself is being provided with food, and the extra Balwoo could not have been possessed for more than 10 days. 3clothes‐1container. Balwoo. comprehensive Balwoo. Sujata. Four Heavenly Kings