Psychological Problems and Clinical Outcomes of Children with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures
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Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate psychological problems and clinical outcomesin children with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 25 patients who were diagnosed with PNES between 2006 and 2012. Results: Twenty-five children with PNES, aged 8 to 19 years (mean 13.82), were referred to psychiatrists for psychiatric assessment. On their initial visit, 72% of patients had comorbid psychological problems,including depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, adjustment disorder, AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Among these, depression was the most frequent (36%). Predisposing and triggering factors included familial distress (40%), social distress (24%), and specific events (20%). The following treatment was advised based on the results of the initial psychologicalassessment: 3 patients regularly visited psychiatric clinic to assess their clinical status without treatment, nine underwent psychotherapy, and 13 received a combinationof psychotherapy and psychopharmacological therapy. At the mean follow-up of 31.5 months after diagnosis, 20 patients (80%) were event-free at follow-up, three (12%) showed reduced frequency, and two (8%) experienced persistent symptoms. Conclusion: The outcomes of PNES in children are much better than those in adults, despite a high rate of psychological comorbidities.
Abstract
Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate psychological problems and clinical outcomesin children with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 25 patients who were diagnosed with PNES between 2006 and 2012. Results: Twenty-five children with PNES, aged 8 to 19 years (mean 13.82), were referred to psychiatrists for psychiatric assessment. On their initial visit, 72% of patients had comorbid psychological problems,including depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, adjustment disorder, AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Among these, depression was the most frequent (36%). Predisposing and triggering factors included familial distress (40%), social distress (24%), and specific events (20%). The following treatment was advised based on the results of the initial psychologicalassessment: 3 patients regularly visited psychiatric clinic to assess their clinical status without treatment, nine underwent psychotherapy, and 13 received a combinationof psychotherapy and psychopharmacological therapy. At the mean follow-up of 31.5 months after diagnosis, 20 patients (80%) were event-free at follow-up, three (12%) showed reduced frequency, and two (8%) experienced persistent symptoms. Conclusion: The outcomes of PNES in children are much better than those in adults, despite a high rate of psychological comorbidities.
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