Cognitive Function in Childhood Epilepsy: Importance of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Background and Purpose To determine how cognitive function is related to epilepsy classification and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with newlydiagnosed epilepsy of genetic or unknown etiology. Methods The medical records of children aged 6–16 years with newly diagnosed epilepsy ofgenetic or unknown etiology were reviewed retrospectively. The Korean Education Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the Comprehensive Attention Testwere used to evaluate intelligence and attention/executive function, respectively. Results The data of a total of 149 children, 103 with focal seizures and 46 with generalizedseizures, were reviewed. The prevalence of ADHD was 49.2% (59 out of 120 examined patients), and ADHD patients exhibited significantly worse auditory selective attention, flankertest results, and spatial working memory. Patients with generalized seizures exhibited significantly worse auditory selective and sustained attention than patients with focal seizures. In patients with generalized seizures, sustained attention, flanker test findings, and spatial workingmemory were found to be affected by ADHD, and auditory selective and sustained attentionwere significantly worse in patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikesand ADHD than in their counterparts without ADHD. Conclusions Cognitive processes are affected by seizure type and comorbid ADHD. Propercharacterization of these neuropsychiatric impairments may allow earlier intervention duringthe disease course.
Abstract
Background and Purpose To determine how cognitive function is related to epilepsy classification and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with newlydiagnosed epilepsy of genetic or unknown etiology. Methods The medical records of children aged 6–16 years with newly diagnosed epilepsy ofgenetic or unknown etiology were reviewed retrospectively. The Korean Education Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the Comprehensive Attention Testwere used to evaluate intelligence and attention/executive function, respectively. Results The data of a total of 149 children, 103 with focal seizures and 46 with generalizedseizures, were reviewed. The prevalence of ADHD was 49.2% (59 out of 120 examined patients), and ADHD patients exhibited significantly worse auditory selective attention, flankertest results, and spatial working memory. Patients with generalized seizures exhibited significantly worse auditory selective and sustained attention than patients with focal seizures. In patients with generalized seizures, sustained attention, flanker test findings, and spatial workingmemory were found to be affected by ADHD, and auditory selective and sustained attentionwere significantly worse in patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikesand ADHD than in their counterparts without ADHD. Conclusions Cognitive processes are affected by seizure type and comorbid ADHD. Propercharacterization of these neuropsychiatric impairments may allow earlier intervention duringthe disease course.
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