수사학적 관점에서 본 텍스트의 종류

Abstract

Textlinguistics 16. Rhetoric has been called "the precursor" of the textlinguistics mainly for two reasons: first, the speech as Logos, which was the object of classical rhetoric, has something in common with the text, and second, rhetoric has a quite longer tradition. Given this, we have good reason to investigate the history of studying species of speeches which in turn helps classify text into different species. The criteria of classifying speeches were PLACE, AUDIENCE, REPRESENTATIVENESS, CONCRETENESS, and CERTAINTY. Among these, the AUDIENCE is widely accepted. In this paper, however, I have tried to rehabilitate the CONCRETENESS and rename the three traditional species of speeches (= judical, political and demonstrative) according to their aims. The former enables us to extend the territory and include scientific and ethic 'speeches', while the latter makes it possible to avoid the misunderstanding and succeed the spirit of classical rhetoric. As a result of the study, I suggest that there are eight species of text: scientific and ethic text from the abstractive question (with an exceptional renaming because each subclass of this question has only one aim, in contrary to the following concrete question, each subclass of which has two aims), praising and blaming text from the demonstrative speech, exhortative and dissuasive text from the political speech, denunciative and defending text from the judical speech.