“Imperfective Paradox” in Formal Model vs. Cognitive Force-theoretic Model
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This paper introduces a new proposal by Copley and Harley (2014, 2015) to overcome the ‘Imperfective Paradox’ by relying on the notion of dynamic ‘forces’ by Talmy (2000). They treat dynamic predicates as predicates of forces, represented by functions from an initial situation to a final situation that occurs ceteris paribus, that is, if other conditions are equal or if nothing external intervenes. Thus, they eliminate causative entailments, avoiding the Paradox, and explain the frustratives as well. However, we view the Progressive aspect as incremental progress based on the planned/scheduled culminating accomplishment. Another important phenomenon is that there occurs an ambiguity between progressive and resultative, as in Korean and Japanese wearing verbs. A caused existence of the accomplishment Theme is not entailed by the perfective but its plan still affects our grammar of language and cognition. Imperfective and perfective, appearing as the same in some languages, require a new syntax-semantics interface analysis, and conative and frame idea, to solve the paradox.
Abstract
This paper introduces a new proposal by Copley and Harley (2014, 2015) to overcome the ‘Imperfective Paradox’ by relying on the notion of dynamic ‘forces’ by Talmy (2000). They treat dynamic predicates as predicates of forces, represented by functions from an initial situation to a final situation that occurs ceteris paribus, that is, if other conditions are equal or if nothing external intervenes. Thus, they eliminate causative entailments, avoiding the Paradox, and explain the frustratives as well. However, we view the Progressive aspect as incremental progress based on the planned/scheduled culminating accomplishment. Another important phenomenon is that there occurs an ambiguity between progressive and resultative, as in Korean and Japanese wearing verbs. A caused existence of the accomplishment Theme is not entailed by the perfective but its plan still affects our grammar of language and cognition. Imperfective and perfective, appearing as the same in some languages, require a new syntax-semantics interface analysis, and conative and frame idea, to solve the paradox.
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