아브람은 데라가 죽은 다음에 하란을 떠났는가?
Did Abraham depart Haran after Terah’s death?
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아브람이 데라가 죽은 다음에 하란을 떠났는지, 아니면 데라가 죽기 전에 떠났는가 하는 문제는 오래도록 다루어진 문제이다. 이 부분에 문제가 된 이유는 창세기 11-12장의 내용과 사도행전 7장 4절이 양립되기 어려워 보이는 데 있었다. 어거스틴은 ‘고전적인 해결책’을 제시했고, 루터는 ‘알 수 없음’을, 칼빈은 ‘데라가 130세일 때 아브람이 태어났다.’ 하는 생각을 해결책으로 제시했다. 그러다가 19세기에 들어서자 매우 다양한 제안들이 생겨났다. 야코부스(Melancthon W. Jacobus), 알포드(Henry Alford), 딜만(A. Dillmann), 델리츠(Franz Delitzsch)의 저작은 이 당시의 상황을 잘 보여준다. 그러다가 20세기에 들어오면서 ‘스데반과 사마리아를 연결하는 시도’로 인해 한동안 이에 대한 학문적인 논쟁이 있었는데, 이후 논쟁은 창세기 본문에 대한 논쟁으로 이어졌다. 이러한 배경에서 현재 사도행전 주석가들은 이 문제에 대해 말을 많이 하지 않게 되었다. 이제 마소라사본, 칠십인역, 사마리아 오경뿐 아니라, 쿰란에서 발견된 4Q252에 대한 연구가 진행됨에 따라, 창세기 본문 확정에 대한 새로운 논거가 준비되었다. 동시에 사도행전에 소개된 바울 설교와 변론의 특징 연구를 통해, ‘청중 고려’라고 하는 요소가 ‘사도행전에 소개된 설교와 변론’에서 중요하다는 것이 확인되었다. 이 글은 이 두 가지 연구 결과를 ‘아브람은 데라가 죽은 다음에 하란을 떠났는가?’라고 하는 질문에 대입하여, (1) 데라의 수명은 205세이고, (2) 아브람은 데라가 죽은 다음에 하란을 떠났으며, (3) 스데반이 ‘데라가 죽은 다음에 아브람이 떠났다.’ 말한 것은 ‘청중 고려’에서 이해될 수 있고, (4) ‘데라-아브람’ 문제는 창세기 문맥대로 이해하는 것이 적절하다는 결론에 도달한다.
Abstract
For a long time, people has asked if Abram departed Haran after or before Terah’s death. The ostensible difference betweeen Genesis 11-12 and Acts 7:4 caused this query. Augustine suggested two solutions with focusing on writing features of the Bible and on redefining where Mesopotamia was. Luther confessed his ignorance, and Calvin strongly insisted that Abraham was born when Terah was 130 years old. In the nineteenth century, several new attempts were made by Melancthon W. Jacobus, Henry Alford, A. Dillmann, and Franz Delitzsch. Afterwards, scholarly debating points went on to ‘the relationship between Stephen and Samaria’ and ‘textual critical issues on Terah’s life span’. Nowadays, commentators on Acts seem to avoid mentioning this matter. First of all, 4Q252 related with this issue has recently been studied very carefully, so now we are able to deal with the textual critical issues more fully. Secondly, the author has found technical points within the speeches in Acts based on his studies on Paul’s four sermons and four oral-proceedings in Acts. This article articulates four points: (1) Terah’s span of life was 205, not 145; (2) Abram departed Haran before Terah’s death; (3) ‘considering the audience’ can be read in Stephan’s mentioning Abraham’s departure after Terah’s death; (4) the matter of ‘Terah-Abraham’ event should be understood based on the context of Genesis.
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