한국 고지성 취락의 구조와 재지·외래문화의 상호관계

Abstract

In this article, the structure of the high-altitude settlement in the central Korean Peninsula and thechanges that occurred in them after the advent of the clay-rimed pottery culture have been examined, as have their interrelationship with the indigenous cultures in the settlement and foreign cultures. However, before discussing the community structure, we will attempt a chronological review of the advent of the clay-rimed pottery culture and distinguish between the Late Bronze and the Early Iron Ages, while dividing the Late Bronze Age period into the first and second halves. Accordingly, we analyzed the time-dependent changes at the target sites: Donghaksan in Hwaseong-si, Banjeri in Anseong-si, Bangdong-ri in Gangneung-si, and Songhyeonri in Goseong-gun. The high-altitude settlement in the Late Bronze Age built dwellings along the ridge slopes, with approximately ten dwellings forming a cluster. Their spatial division by function is not as pronounced as that of alluvial communities, but their production facilities, including warehouses and tombs, are distinct from residential clusters. This can be regarded partly as a succession to the structure of the indigenous Middle Age culture, in which multiple residential clusters were formed based on kinship with the functionally differentiated space in the settlement. While Late Bronze Age settlements had rapidly declined or disappeared by the Early Iron Age, among the target sites, the Banjeri site in Anseong-si had thriving communities from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. Although the size and shape of the dwellings changed, the community structure still resembled that of the Late Bronze Age, with residential clusters formed around a central clearing and tombs placed outside residential areas. The multiple enclosures at the Donghaksan site in Hwaseong-si and the altars and wooden barricades of the enclosures are presumed to have served as a “round alter” to territorialize the space in the settlement for a place of meetings and festivities. In contrast, the enclosures in Area C of the Bangdong-ri site in Gangneung-si and the circular gully at the Banjeri site in Anseong-si are likely to have served as barricades for the defense of residential communities, preserved until the Early Iron Age. The indigenous Bronze Age culture and the clay-rimed pottery culture appear to have coexisted, such that the traditions of each were preserved, as suggested by the housing patterns and artifacts. It should be noted, however, that, although artifacts related to the clay-rimed pottery culture have been found in the dwellings among artifacts exhibiting characteristics of the reestablished culture, those that have been found in foreign dwellings are mostly related to the clay-rimed pottery culture. The method of accepting the indigenous material culture of the clay-rimed pottery culture is somewhat exclusive. This is a type of contrasting pattern observed during acculturation and the integration of two cultures.