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시간영역 전자탐사법: 연구 동향과 적용

A Review of the Time-domain Electromagnetic Method: Research Trends and Applications

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주제분류자원공학

초록

시간영역 전자탐사법(time-domain/transient electromagnetic, TEM)은 인공적으로 발생시킨 전기장 혹은 자기장을 차단했을 때의 자기장의 시간에 따른 변화를 측정하는 탐사법이다. TEM은 송신원에 전류를 차단한 이후 측정하므로 1차 자기장의 영향 없이 지하 매질의 정보가 있는 2차장만을측정하게 된다. 이론적으로는 TEM은 지하 전도체에 대한 모든 진동수 반응, 즉 천부에서 심부까지의 정보 획득이 가능하다. TEM자료는 겹쌓기(stacking)와 자료보정 과정을 거치게 되며, 수치 모델에 대한 TEM 반응은 유한차분법, 유한요소법, 유한체적법 등의 기법을 이용하여 수치적으로 계산가능하다. 이 기술보고에서는 TEM의 기본 원리와 탐사 시스템을 코일 송신원과 접지 전선 송신원으로 분류해 소개하였다. 이후 기존의 자료처리와 모델링, 역산에 대해 분석하고 육상과 해양, 항공시간영역 전자탐사로 분류하여 다양한 분야에서의 적용사례들에 대해서 소개하고자 한다.

Abstract

Time-domain/transient electromagnetic (TEM) survey measures changes in the electromagnetic (EM) field with respect to time, after an artificially generated electric or magnetic field is discontinued. Therefore, only secondary magnetic fields are measured that are free from the primary magnetic fields. Theoretically, TEM measurements are frequency responses that provide information on the conductivities of shallow to deep sub-surfaces. TEM data, normally stacked, are corrected during data processing. TEM measurement responses for synthetic models can be numerically computed using the finite difference, finite element, and finite volume methods. In this review, initially we have discussed the basic theory of the TEM method and TEM survey systems by classifying them into loop and ground-wire transmitters. Subsequently, we discussed data processing, modelling, and inversion. Finally, we discussed field survey cases from various application fields by classifying them into land, marine, and airborne TEM systems.

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