국제화가 해외직접투자 결정요소에 미치는 영향
Impact of Globalization on FDI Determinants
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본 연구의 목적은 국제화가 해외직접투자 결정요소에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석함에 있다. 특히, 지난 2, 30년 동안 국제화는 해외직접투자의 지역적 그리고 산업적 패턴을 재구성하는 중요한 원동력 중에 하나였고, 해외직접투자 결정요소는 다국적기업들이 비교우위를 활용하거나 경쟁우위를 창출하는 요소들로부터 경쟁우위를 창출, 유지 그리고 증대하는 요소들로 변화되어 왔다. 1975년부터 1996년까지의 일본과 미국의 5개 제조업 분야의 6 대륙으로의 해외직접투자 표본에 의하면, Dunning의 절충이론에서의 세가지 요소 (소유특유, 장소특유, 내부화 특유의 우위) 모두가 해외직접투자의 중요한 결정요소가 되었다. 또한, 국제화 시기인1980년대를 지나 1990년대에서 일본과 미국의 제조업 해외직접투자 결정요소가 서로 유사해짐이 발견 되었다.
Abstract
The process of globalization has been one of the major impetuses to the restructuring the geographic and industrial patterns of FDI during the past decades. Major determinants of FDI have been changed from factors to exploit comparativeness or create competitiveness to factors to create, sustain, and/or augment competitiveness by MNEs. This study investigates the impact of the process of globalization on FDI determinants. In a sample of Japanese and US manufacturing FDI in six host regions with five industrial sectors from 1975 to 1996, all three factors of Dunning's eclectic paradigm have become major determinants. In addition, the major determinants of Japanese and US manufacturing FDI are getting more similar in the 1990s, compared to those in the 1970s, after the 1980s that is assumed as a period of globalization in this study.
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