여창가곡 한바탕의 리듬구조 연구­-배자기보의 음악사적 분석에 근거하여­-

Abstract

Compared to the ever-changing and syncopated rhythm of nongak 農樂 or sanjo 散調, the rhythm of kagok 歌曲 seems very static. However, kagok reveals dynamic relationships in its many layers of rhythmic structure. Kagok has a 16-beat changdan 長短 which is a unique rhythmic cycle and a percussive instrument, changgo 杖鼓, by articulating it with 10 various strokes, provides its fundamental rhythmic structure. Its 10 different strokes divides the 16 beats unevenly, producing six rhythmic groups, 332332. The 16-beat, 10-stroke, and six uneven-groupings give the kagok changdan 歌曲長短 the distinctive modal characteristics. The 10 strokes, articulated by changgo are important, not only because they lay the rhythmic framework but because they articulate the beats where words (or syllables) of the poetry are set. Thus produced is the basic word-setting pattern, which is the middle layer of the rhythmic structure. Most of the time the 10-stroke rhythmic structure and the word-setting pattern coincide, however, if exceptions occur, rhythmic vitality is immediately felt. The fundamental and middle layers of rhythms of kagok interact each other as such, but they relate themselves with the melodic rhythm, the highest rhythmic layer of kagok. Kagok is a collections of related songs, the first one being the most classical form. So the first piece, being regarded as fundamental form, can be referred to when we are to approach to later songs. The comparative analysis on formal and rhythmic structures of the first piece and later ones will thus give us the dynamic quality of kagok as a whole. This study deals with the dynamics of kagok in various levels, especially of formal and rhythmic structures.