歌曲과 時調의 音樂史的 展開

Abstract

Historical Development of Two Classical Vocal Genres Kagok and Sijo Kim Yŏng-un Kagok 歌曲, kasa 歌詞, and sijo 時調 are three principal classical vocal genres, which have been developed in association with Korean classical poetry. Kagok is the most formalized and elaborate of the three song genres. Because of its simpler form and style sijo is widely sung by amateurs. This paper attempts to find out the historical development of kagok and sijo on the basis of literary source materials. The contents of this paper comprises five topics: 1. Introduction, 2. Origin of Kagok and its Historical Development, 3. Origin of Sijo and its Historical Development, 3. Derivations of Kagok and Sijo, 5. Conclusion: Historical Meaning of Kagok and Sijo. From an extensive investigation of source materials concerned, the followings are pointed out in conclusion. The prototype of kagok is generally believed to be the songs called Mandaeyŏp 慢大葉 (lit. 'Slow Big Piece'), Chungdaeyŏp 中大葉 ('Moderate Big Piece'), and Saktaeyŏp 數大葉 ('Fast Big Piece'). The slow Mandaeyŏp disappeared around the early 18th century, but the moderate Chungdaeyŏp can be found in the 19th century musical manuscripts. While the slow Mandaeyŏp was gradually disappearing, more new pieces were developed from the fast Saktaeyŏp by professional singers called kagaek 歌客. Ch'ŏnggu yŏngŏn ꡔ靑丘永言ꡕ (Song from Korea) compiled by Kim Ch'ŏn-t'aek 金天澤 in 1728 includes such new derivations of Saktaeyŏp as Nong 弄, Nak 樂, and P'yŏn 編. The contemporary kagok was passed down by Ha Kyu-il 河圭一 (1867-1937) to Yi Pyŏng-sŏng 李炳星 (1908-1960) and Yi Chu-hwan 李珠煥 (1909-1972).