노자철학에서 깨달은 사람의 욕망 해소 방법

Abstract

Human beings are living beings, so they have a biological instinct called need (欲求), and they do behavior (行動) to satisfy it. Since instinctive needs and actions are necessary for the preservation of individual lives and species, Lao-Tzu is positive about this, but he criticizes excessive satisfaction of needs, but there is not much mention of it. Human beings, as rational beings, perform mental desires (欲望) and actions (行爲) to satisfy them. Lao-tzu believes that many problems in human society arise from the level of desire and action. Lao-tzu calls Renwei (人爲) or Zuowei (作爲) when they force themselves to satisfy their desires, and he criticizes them harshly. The ultimate goal of the Lao-Tzu philosophy is to realize Tao and become a sage. Lao-tzu thought a lot about how to realize Tao. The methods of realizing Tao suggested by Lao-tzu, a practical level are Absence Of Desire (無欲), Little Avarice (寡慾), and Nature Itself (無爲). This is a compromise or harmony between hedonism (過慾) and asceticism (不欲). Absence of desire(無欲) is not abstinence, but maintaining a sense of satisfaction, and it is not satisfying or rejecting a desire, but attaining it through satisfaction and cessation. Then you become a sage, and a sage who has resolved his desires does not force himself to act excessively, but performs a natural act, i.e., acting like Nature Itself. After following this, then everything else in the world will follow suit and work naturally on its own.