놀이치료 패러다임의 변화: 놀이치료사를 위한 제언
The change of play therapy paradigm: A study on the role of play therapist
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본 연구는 새로운 놀이치료 패러다임을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 세 개의 주제에 관해 고찰하였다. 첫 번째, 기존의 놀이치료에서 놀이치료사와 아동 간의 상호작용의 유형에 관해 고찰했다. 두 번째, 아동의 선천적 요인 또는 환경의 영향으로 인해 부정적 상호작용을 경험하는 아동의 문제를 발달외상의 관점에서 고찰했다. 마지막으로 긍정적 상호작용을 하는 놀이 활동이 부정적 상호작용의 영향을 회복시킬 수 있다는 신경가소성의 개념에 관해 고찰하였다. 고찰을 통해 놀이치료의 기본 개념과 놀이치료사의 역할을 다음과 같이 정리하였다. 첫째, 아동은 본성의 속도에 따라 발달되어야 하고 놀이치료 진행에서도 본성의 속도를 고려해야 한다. 둘째, 놀이치료사는 놀이치료에서 개개 아동에게 맞는 맞춤식 놀이치료가 제공되어야 한다. 셋째, 부정적 상호작용을 유발했던 자극이 뇌에서 부정적으로 인식되지 않게 하려면 긍정적 상호작용이 반복되어서 새로운 신경체계 패턴이 형성되어야 한다. 넷째, 맞춤식 놀이치료가 되려면 아동의 자기 치유력을 극대화하는 동시에 민감성과 반응성으로 아동에게 조율된 놀이 활동이 필요하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate three major subjects to find new paradigms of play therapy. First subject is to examine the effect of interaction between play therapists and children upon the traditional practice. Second one is to investigate some problems with the children who have experienced the effects of negative interactions because of their inherited factor as well as environmental, from the point of developmental trauma. Third one, finally, is to examine the concept of neuroplasticity which refers to the fact that the play activities of positive interaction can recover of the effect of negative interaction. This research defines basic concept of play therapy and role of play therapist in the followings; First, children should develop in compliance with speed of nature considered in progress. Second, play therapists should support tailored play therapy practice for individuals. Third, positive interaction should build up new pattern with neural network in order to prevent the stimuli induced negative interaction on the brain. Forth, to serve tailored play therapy practice, adjustable play activity for children should required reactivity and susceptibility as well as maximizing self-caring.
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