노년과 젠더: 노년여성에 대한 담론과 빅토리아기 페미니스트들의 노년
Aging and Gender: On the discourses of Older Women and the realities of experiences of the Victorian Feminists in the old ages
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이 글은 빅토리아기 노년여성에 대한 담론을 비평적으로 분석하고, 빅토리아 시대 영국여성운동을 주도하였던 페미니스트들의 실제 노년의 경험을 드러내고자 한다. 역사속의 노년여성의 실제 삶과 경험은 노년차별과 성차별을 해소하는데 기여할 것이다. 노년차별의 문제는 성차별의 문제와 유사하다. 성이 생물학적인 것만이 아니라 사회적으로 구성되었듯 노년 또한 사회문화적으로 구성된 것이다. 따라서 노년을 둘러싼 획일적인 정체성과 억압적인 타자로서의 노년에 대한 이미지는 해체되어야 한다. 역사속의 주체적인 노년여성의 다양한 경험과 정체성은 새로운 노년여성의 이미지를 구축하는데 도움이 된다. 역사 속의 주인공들은 여러가지 제약 속에서 행운을 발견하게 되는데 그것은 바로 나이듦이었다. 바로 그 나이듦 덕분에 오랫동안 성인으로 살면서 여성으로서 추문에 휘말리지 않고 성공적인 삶을 살기 위해 순응하였던 모든 관습을 초월할 수 있었다. 그러한 각종제도와 관습에서 해방된 노년여성들은 50대 이후 자신의 창조성과 재능을 마음껏 꽃피울 수 있었다. 어떤 여성은 70세가 지난 노년에 들어서 타고난 천재성과 역량을 발휘하였다.
Abstract
This article explores the discourse of older women in Victorian Britain, and then reveals the realities of experiences of the old ages of the Victorian Feminists. The question of ageism is similar to the one of the gender discriminations. The history of old women shows that aging is a product of social and cultural. It also provides that ageism can be deconstructed by the social and cultural impacts. The lives of old ages of the Victorian feminists provide a range of strategies and identities against the discourse of negative images of older women in Victorian Britain. Ageing marks a freedom beyond the traditional customs and the sexual regulations. The menopause played a critical role in defining of olde age of women. The menopause was regarded as not the end of women’s lives, as a mark of the liberty of Eve. Most older women lived independently, their industry was a born-nature habit. Some feminists created a new life as a active politician, as a writer or as a civil servant in the older ages. This article helps a better understanding of what aging is like for women and challenges the myths which have grown up around the aging process.
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