빅데이터와 개인정보 보호 - 통지와 동의의 원칙을 중심으로 -
Big Data and Personal Data Protection -with A Special Reference to Notice and Consent Principle-
0
조회
0
다운로드
24
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
빅데이터는 이해와 결정을 향상시키기 위하여 비용 대비 효율적이고 혁신적인 형태의 정보처리를 요구하는, 많은 용량, 빠른 속도 및 다양성이 있는 정보 자산’ 등 여러 가지로 정의되고 있으며, 데이터가 대규모라는 것과 데이터로부터 일정한 추론을 끌어낼 수 있는 분석능력을 내포하는 용어이다. 항우울증 약(Paxil)와 콜레스테롤 수치를 낮추기 위한 약(Pravachol)을 함께 복용하면 혈당량을 당뇨병 수준까지 올린다는 것을 밝혀내는 것과 같이, 빅데이터의 가치는 데이터를 분석하여 개인과 사회적으로 유용한 결과를 가져올 수 있다는 것에 있다. 그런데 빅데이터 분석과정에서 프라이버시가 침해될 수 있는 문제점이 있다. 빅데이터는 많은 양의 데이터를 수집하고 분석함으로써 분석하지 않았더라면 알 수 없었던 지식이나 현상을 알 수 있게 하고, 이러한 지식에 바탕을 두어 기업은 혁신을 이룩하거나 새로운 비즈니스 모델을 제공하여 사회 전반적으로 이익을 제공하는 매우 유용한 역할을 한다. 따라서 빅데이터로 인한 프라이버시 문제의 중심 과제는 데이터 이용에 따라 개인정보 내지 프라이버시를 보호하는 동시에 데이터 이용을 허용하여 혁신을 이룩할 수 있도록 하여 양자를 균형 있게 하는 것이 그 과제라 할 수 있다. 이 글은 정보에 대한 통제로서의 프라이버시의 개념과 빅데이터 환경에서 공정정보원칙이 관철되지 않는 상황을 고찰하고, 전후상황(context)의 원칙 및 데이터 이용에 초점을 맞추는 정책방향을 상세히 고찰한 후, 빅데이터와 관련된 프라이버시 침해 문제를 해결하기 위하여 공정정보원칙을 엄격하게 적용하는 것을 완화하거나 이용에 초점을 두는 정책방향을 제시하고자 하였다.
Abstract
Big data is often defined to use the 3Vs model by Gartner, which defines it “high volume, high velocity, and/or high variety information assets that require new forms of processing to enable enhanced decision making, insight discovery and process optimization.” The term big data means that it is ‘big’ both in the quantity and variety of data and in the scale of analysis. While big data benefits society as well as citizens through analysis of massive data, it creates privacy concern because sensitive information about individuals may be exposed. This paper deals with the context principles espoused by the White House and the Federal Trade Commission to strike a balance between the socially beneficial uses of big data and the harms to privacy that can result from the analysis of big data. This paper thinks that the current notice and consent regime is not appropriate in big data environments, and thus, deals efforts to move the focus of data protection away from data collection to data use. By focusing more on data use, the responsibility for privacy protection shifts from the individual to the company that collects and uses data. This paper finally proposes that the privacy protection norms apply the FIPPs flexibly and reflect more use-focused policy while ‘notice and consent’ should be meaningful as a fundamental principle to protect privacy. This suggestion is based on the belief that the society should be able to reap the benefits of big data recognizing that privacy protection is necessary to maintain consumer trust in big data.
참고문헌 (50)
- 이대희, "사물인터넷 활용과 개인정보 보호", 경영법률, 25(3), pp.365~397 (2015), 한국경영법률학회
- Alan F. Westin, "Privacy and Freedom" (1967)
- Alexis C. Madrigal, "The Philosopher Whose Fingerprints Are All Over the New Approach to Privacy", The Atlantic, ~ (2012)
- A. Michael Froomkin, "The Death of Privacy?", STAN. L. REV, 52, pp.1461~ (2000)
- Benjamin Shmueli, "Privacy for Children", COLUM. HUM. RTS. L. REV, 42, pp.759~ (2011)
- Bartosz M. Marcinkowski, "Privacy Paradox(es): In Search of A Transatlantic Data Protection Standard", OHIO ST. L. J, 74, pp.1167~ (2013)
- Charles Duhigg, "How Companies Learn Your Secrets", The New York Times Magazine, ~ (2012)
- Chris Jay Hoofnagle, "Alan Westin’s Privacy Homo Economicus", WAKE FOREST L. REV, 49, pp.261~ (2014)
- Danah Boyd, "Critical Questions for Big Data Provocations for a Cultural, Technological, and Scholarly Phenomenon", INFO. COMM. & SOC’Y, 15, pp.662~ (2012)
- Daniel J. Solove, "Conceptualizing Privacy", CALIF. L. REV, 90, pp.1087~ (2002)
- Daniel J. Solove, "Introduction: Privacy Self-management and the Consent Dilemma", HARV. L. REV, 126, pp.1880~ (2013)
- Daniel J. Solove, "Information Privacy Law" (2011)
- David Navetta, "Legal Implications of Big Data: A Primer", ISSA J, 16 (2013)
- Dennis D. Hirsch, "Protecting the Inner Environment: What Privacy Regulation Can Learn from Environmental Law", GA. L. REV, 41, pp.1~ (2006)
- Elise Young, "Educational Privacy in the Online Classroom: FERRA, MOOCs, and the Big Data Conundrum", HARV. J. L. & TECH, 28, pp.549~ (2015)
- Fred H. Cate, "Notice and Consent in a World of Big Data", International Data Privacy Law, 3(2), pp.68~ (2013)
- Fred H. Cate, "Data Protection Principles for the 21st Century Revising the 1980 OECD Guidelines", ~ (2014)
- Helen Nissenbaum, "Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy, and the Intergrity of Social Life" (2009)
- Ira S. Rubinstein, "Big Data: The End of Privacy or a New Beginning?", INT’L DATA PRIVACY L, 2 (2013)
- Ira S. Rubinstein, "Voter Privacy in the Age of Big, Data", WIS. L. REV, 861 (2014)
- Ira S. Rubinstein, "Privacy by Design: A Counterfactual Analysis of Google and Facebook Privacy Incidents", BERKELEY TECH. L. J, 28, pp.1333~ (2013)
- Jed Rubenfeld, "The Right of Privacy", HARV. L. REV, 102, pp.737~ (1989)
- Jennifer Moore, "Traumatised Bodies: Towards Corporeality in New Zealand’s Privacy Tort Law Involving Accident Survivors", NZ L. REV, 24, pp.387~ (2011)
- Jeremy Ginsberg, "Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data", Nature, 457 (2009)
- Jerry Kang, "Information Privacy in Cyberspace Transactions", STAN. L. REV, 50, pp.1193~ (1998)
- Joseph Jerome, "Big Data: Catalyst for A Privacy Conversation", IND. L. REV, 48, pp.213~ (2014)
- Jules Polonetsky, "Privacy and Big Data: Making Ends Meet", STAN. L. REV. ONLINE, 66, pp.25~ (2013)
- Justin Brookman, "Corporate Accountability Is Important, But Consumers Still Need Meaningful Control", IAPP PRIVACY PERSPECTIVES, ~ (2014)
- Kate Crawford, "Big Data and Due Process: Toward A Framework to Redress Predictive Privacy Harms", BC L. REV, 55, pp.93~ (2013)
- Michael D. Birnhack, "Does Law Matter Online? Empirical Evidence on Privacy Law Compliance", MICH. TELECOMM. & TECH. L.REV, 17, pp.337~ (2011)
- Michael D. Birnhack, "Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life Helen Nissenbaum", JURISMETRICS J, 51, pp.447~ (2011)
- Michael D. Birnhack, "Reverse Engineering Information Privacy Law", YALE L. J, 15, pp.24~ (2012)
- Neil M. Richards, "The Information Privacy Law Project", GEO. L. J, 94, pp.1087~ (2006)
- Nicolas P. Terry, "Protecting Patient Privacy in the Age of Big Data", UMKC L. REV, 81, pp.1~ (2012)
- Omer Tene, "Big Data for All: Privacy and User Control in the⋅ Age of Analytics", N.W. J. TECH. & INTELL. PROP, 11, pp.238~ (2013)
- Paul M. Schwartz, "Property, Privacy, and Personal Data", HARV. L. REV, 117, pp.2055~ (2004)
- Peter Leonard, "Consumer Data Analytics: Privacy Settings for ‘Big Data“Business", INT’L DATA PRIVACY L, 4, pp.53~ (2014)
- 행정안전부, "개인정보 보호법령 및 지침⋅고시 해설서", ~ (2011)
- "Article 29 Data Protection Working Party and the Working Party on Police and Justice, The Future of Privacy: Joint Contribution to the Consultation of the European Commission on the Legal Framework for the Fundamental Right to Protection of Personal Data", 02356, EN, WP 168, pp.2009, ~
- Commissioner Julie Brill, "Big Data and Consumer Privacy: Identifying Challenges, Finding Solutions", Address at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Princeton, University, ~ (2014)
- Executive Office of the President, "Big Data and Privacy: A Technological Perspective iv", ~
- Privacy Online: A Report to Congress, "FTC", ~ (1998)
- Protecting Consumer Privacy in an Era of Rapid Change, A Proposed Framework for Business and Policymakers, Preliminary FTC Staff Report iv, "FTC", ~ (2010)
- Working Paper on Big Data and Privacy: Privacy principles under pressure in the age of Big Data analytics, "International Working Group on Data Protection in Telecommunications", ~ (2014)
- Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity, "McKinsey Global Institute", ~ (2011)
- "Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Automated Personal Data System, Foreword to Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens", ~ (1973)
- U.S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare, "Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Automated Personal Data System, Foreword to Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens", ~ (1973)
- Big Data: Seizing Opportunities, Preserving Values, "White House", ~ (2014)
- Consumer Data Privacy in a Networked World: A Framework for Protecting Privacy and Promoting Innovation in the Global Digital Economy, "White House", ~ (2012)
- World Economic Forum, "Unlocking the Economic Value of Personal Data: Balancing Growth and Protection", ~ (2012)
