DLE(Direct Li Extraction) 기술 및 동향
Status and Trends of Direct Lithium Extraction Technology
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
현재 상업적으로 회수되고 있는 리튬 공급량은 이미 한계에 도달하였고 이를 극복하기 위해 지열수, 유전염호 등과 같은 리튬을 함유한 저농도 염호로부터 리튬을 회수하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 고품위 염호를 대상으로 적용되는 자연증발/농축 기반의 상용화 공정의 경우 저농도 염호에 적용하기에는 한계를 지녀, 이 를 대체 할 수 있는 DLE(Direct Li Extraction) 기술이 제시되고 있다. DLE 기술은 저품위 염호( Li conc.<1000 ppm)으로부터 리튬을 회수할 수 있는 침전법, 용매추출법, 흡착법 등과 같은 비증발 리튬추출기술을 적용해 리튬을 회수하는 방법으로 기존 자연증발농축법의 단점인 긴 공정시간, 생산량 한계를 극복할 수 있는 기술로써 중요성이 확대되고 있다. 본논문에서는 리튬회수기술 현황 및 최근 활발히 진행되고 있는 DLE 기술 개발 동향분석을 통해 환경성/경제성을 확보할 수 있는 DLE 기술 개발 방향성을 제시하고자 한다.
Abstract
The commercial supply of lithium has recently reached its limit, prompting active research into the recovery of lithium from low-grade brines, such as geothermal water and oil field brine, which contain lithium. The commercialized process that relies on natural evaporation and concentration, typically applied to high-grade brine, has limitations when applied to low-grade brine. As an alternative, direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology is being proposed. DLE technology employs non-evaporative lithium extraction methods, including precipitation, solvent extraction, and adsorption, to recover lithium from low-grade brines (with lithium concentrations less than 1000 ppm). This technology is gaining importance, because it can overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods, such as lengthy processing time and production limits. This paper discusses the development direction of DLE technology that can ensure environmental and economic feasibility, using an analysis of the current status and trends of lithium recovery technology.
참고문헌 (90)
- Abe, M., "Recovery of lithium from seawater and hydrothermal water by titanium (IV) antimonate cation exchanger", Hydrometallurgy, 19(1), pp.117~128 (1987)
- AlMarzooqi, F. A., "Application of capacitive deionisation in water desalination: a review", Desalination, 342(2014), pp.3~15 (2014)
- An, J. W., "Recovery of lithium from Uyuni salar brine", Hydrometallurgy, 117, pp.64~70 (2012)
- Biesheuvel, P. M., "Membrane capacitive deionization", Journal of Membrane Science, 346(2), pp.256~262 (2010)
- Biesheuvel, P. M., "Theory of membrane capacitive deionization including the effect of the electrode pore space", Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 360(1), pp.239~248 (2011)
- Bryjak, M., "Capacitive deionization for selective extraction of lithium from aqueous solutions", Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, 4(3), pp.110~ (2015)
- Choubey, P. K., "Advance review on the exploitation of the prominent energy-storage element: Lithium. Part I: From mineral and brine resources", Minerals Engineering, 89, pp.119~137 (2016)
- Chung, K. S., "Inorganic adsorbent containing polymeric membrane reservoir for the recovery of lithium from seawater", Journal of Membrane Science, 325(2), pp.503~508 (2008)
- Ding, T., "Adsorption of Li (I)ions through new high-performance electrospun PAN", Kaolin nanofibers: A combined experimental and theoretical calculation, 2022, pp.7(13), 11430~11439
- The use of capacitive deionization with carbon aerogel electrodes to remove inorganic contaminants from water, "Farmer, J. C.", Lawrence Livermore National Lab, ~, pp.No. UCRL-JC-119844 (1995)
- Farmer, J. C., "Capacitive deionization of NaCl and NaNO3solutions with carbon aerogel electrodes", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 143(1), pp.159~ (1996)
- Flexer, V., "Lithium recovery from brines: A vital raw material for green energies with a potential environmental impact in its mining and processing", Science of The Total Environment, 639, pp.1188~1204 (2018)
- Garcés, I., "Water mining and extractivism of the Salar de Atacama, Chile", WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 245, pp.189~199 (2020)
- Garrett, D. E., "Handbook of lithium and natural calcium chloride" (2004), Elsevier
- Gil-Alana, L.A., "Lithium : Production and estimated consumption", Evidence of persistence, Resources Policy, 60, pp.198~202 (2019)
- Gong, L., "Direct numerical simulation of continuous lithium extraction from high Mg2+", Li+ratio brines using microfluidic channels with ion concentration polarization, 2018, pp.556, 34~41
- Grant, A., "From Catamarca to Qinghai: the commercial scale direct lithium extraction operations" (2020), Jade Cove Partners
- Grosjean, C., "Assessment of world lithium resources and consequences of their geographic distribution on the expected development of the electric vehicle industry", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, pp.1735~1744 (2012)
- Guo, Y., "Polystyrene sulfonate threaded through a metal–organic framework membrane for fast and selective lithium‐ion separation", Angewandte Chemie, 128(48), pp.15344~15348 (2016)
- Han, G., "Recovery of lithium from a synthetic solution using spodumene leach residue", Hydrometallurgy, 177, pp.109~115 (2018)
- Hano, T., "Recovery of lithium from geothermal water by solvent extraction technique", Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 10(2), pp.195~206 (1992)
- Hong, H. J., "Highly porous and surface-expanded spinel hydrogen manganese oxide (HMO)", Al2O3 composite for effective lithium (Li) recovery from seawater, 2018, pp.337, 455~461
- Jiang, C., "Production of lithium hydroxide from lake brines through electro–electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EEDBM)", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(14), pp.6103~6112 (2014)
- Jun, W., "KR, Patent 10-1405486", ~ (2012)
- Jun, W., "KR, Patent 10-1181922", ~ (2010)
- Jun, W., "KR, Patent 10-1126286", ~ (2010)
- Kampf, S. K., "Evaporation and land surface energy budget at the Salar de Atacama, Northern Chile", Journal of Hydrology, 310(1-4), pp.236~252 (2005)
- Kanoh, H., "Selective electroinsertion of lithium ions into a platinum", . lambda.-manganese dioxide electrode in the aqueous phase, 1991, pp.7(9), 1841~1842
- Khalil, A., "Lithium recovery from brine: Recent developments and challenges", Desalination, 528, pp.115611~ (2022)
- Kim, Y. J., "Improvement of desalination efficiency in capacitive deionization using a carbon electrode coated with an ion-exchange polymer", Water Research, 44(3), pp.990~996 (2010)
- 이동희, "Equilibrium and kinetic studies of an electro-assisted lithium recovery system using lithium manganese oxide adsorbent material", Carbon Letters, 28(1), pp.87~95 (2018), 한국탄소학회
- Lee, D., "Electro-assisted removal and selective recovery of Cu (II) from aqueous solution with a chitosan-containing composite electrode application in capacitive deionization", Desalination and Water Treatment, 107, pp.232~240 (2018)
- Lee, H., "KR, Patent No. 10-1674394", ~ (2015)
- Lee, H., "KR, Patent No. 10-167393", ~ (2015)
- Lee, J. B., "Desalination of a thermal power plant wastewater by membrane capacitive deionization", Desalination, 196(1-3), pp.125~134 (2006)
- Lee, J. Y., "Preparation of ion exchanger layered electrodes for advanced membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI)", Water Research, 45(17), pp.5375~5380 (2011)
- Li, H., "Ion-exchange membrane capacitive deionization: A new strategy for brackish water desalination", Desalination, 275(1-3), pp.62~66 (2011)
- Li, H. Gao, Y., "Electrosorptive desalination by carbon nanotubes and nanofibres electrodes and ion-exchange membranes", Water Research, 42(20), pp.4923~4928 (2008)
- Li, H., "Recovery of lithium from mineral resources: State-of-the-art and perspectives-A review", Hydrometallurgy, 189, pp.105129~ (2019)
- Liu, D., "Supply and demand response trends of lithium resources driven by the demand of emerging renewable energy technologies in China", Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 145, pp.311~321 (2019)
- Liu, W., D., "Interdependencies of lithium mining and communities sustainability in Salar de Atacama, Chile", Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, pp.120838~ (2020)
- Ma, L. W., "Preparation, characterization and adsorptive properties of foam-type lithium adsorbent", Microporous and mesoporous materials, 142(1), pp.147~153 (2011)
- Marthi, R., "On the structure and lithium adsorption mechanism of layered H2TiO3", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13(7), pp.8361~8369 (2021)
- Martin, G., "Lithium market research-global supply, future demand and price development", Energy Storage Materials, 6, pp.171~179 (2017)
- Maxwell, P., "Transparent and opaque pricing : The interesting case of lithium", Resources Policy, 45, pp.92~97 (2015)
- Meng, F., "Review of lithium production and recovery from minerals, brines, and lithium-ion batteries", Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 42(2), pp.123~141 (2021)
- Meshram, P., "Extraction of lithium from primary and secondary sources by pre-treatment, leaching and separation : A comprehensive review", Hydrometallurgy, 150, pp.192~208 (2014)
- Miyai, Y., "Lithium adsorptive properties of a new selective adsorbent derived from Li1.33Mn1.67O4", Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 48(6), pp.411~415 (1994)
- Mohr, S. H., "Lithium resources and production: critical assessment and global projections", Minerals, 2(3), pp.65~84 (2012)
- Global lithium market (STUDY PERIOD: 2017 –2027), "Mordor Intelligence", ~ (2021)
- Mulwanda, J., "Leaching of lepidolite and recovery of lithium hydroxide from purified alkaline pressure leach liquor by phosphate precipitation and lime addition", Hydrometallurgy, 201, pp.105538~ (2021)
- Naumov, A. V., "Modern state of the world lithium market", Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals, 51(4), pp.324~330 (2010)
- Nie, X. Y., "Ion-fractionation of lithium ions from magnesium ions by electrodialysis using monovalent selective ion-exchange membranes", Desalination, 403, pp.128~135 (2017)
- Park, M. J., "Recyclable composite nanofiber adsorbent for Li+recovery from seawater desalination retentate", Chemical Engineering Journal, 254, pp.73~81 (2014)
- Park, S., "KR, Patent No. 10-1700684", ~ (2016)
- Pasta, M., "Batteries for lithium recovery from brines", Energy & Environmental Science, 5(11), pp.9487~9491 (2012)
- Pranolo, Y., "Separation of lithium from sodium in chloride solutions using SSX systems with LIX 54 and Cyanex 923", Hydrometallurgy, 154, pp.33~39 (2015)
- Lithium Global Industry: Markets and Outlooks to 2025, "Roskill", ~ (2016)
- Ryu T., "KR, Patent No. 10-2285849", ~ (2019)
- Ryu, T., "KR, Patent No. 10-2030446", ~ (2019)
- Ryu, T., "Recovery of lithium in seawater using a titanium intercalated lithium manganese oxide composite", Hydrometallurgy, 184, pp.22~28 (2019)
- Ryu, T., "Lithium recovery system using electrostatic field assistance", Hydrometallurgy, 151, pp.78~83 (2015)
- Ryu, T., "Development of multi-stage column for lithium recovery from an aqueous solution", Hydrometallurgy, 157, pp.39~43 (2015)
- Ryu, T., "Preparation and characterization of a cylinder-type adsorbent for the recovery of lithium from seawater", Materials transactions, 54(6), pp.1029~1033 (2013)
- Sarraf-Mamoory, R., "The effect of precipitation parameters on preparation of lithium fluoride(LiF)nano-powder", Chemical Engineering Communications, 194(8), pp.1022~1028 (2007)
- Shi, C., "Solvent extraction of lithium from aqueous solution using an ammonium ionic liquid", Journal of Molecular Liquids, 304, pp.112756~ (2020)
- Shi, W., "Efficient lithium extraction by membrane capacitive deionization incorporated with monovalent selective cation exchange membrane", Separation and Purification Technology, 210, pp.885~890 (2019)
- Shin, J., "Preparation of lithium carbonate from waste lithium solution through precipitation and wet conversion methods", Hydrometallurgy, 210, pp.105863~ (2022)
- Song, X., "Direct regeneration of cathode materials from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries using a solid phase sintering method", RSC Advances, 7(8), pp.4783~4790 (2017)
- Song, Y., "Recovery of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries using precipitation and electrodialysis techniques", Separation and Purification Technology, 206, pp.335~342 (2018)
- Song, Y., "Lithium recovery from Li3PO4 leaching liquor: Solvent extraction mechanism of saponified D2EHPA system", Separation and Purification Technology, 249, pp.117161~ (2020)
- Stamp, A., "Environmental impacts of a transition toward e-mobility: the present and future role of lithium carbonate production", Journal of Cleaner Production, 23(1), pp.104~112 (2012)
- Sun, Y., "Highly efficient lithium recovery from pre-synthesized chlorine-ion-intercalated LiAl-layered double hydroxides via a mild solution chemistry process", Materials, 12(12), pp.1968~ (2019)
- Swain, B., "Separation and purification of lithium by solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane, analysis of their mechanism: a review", Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 91(10), pp.2549~2562 (2016)
- Tadesse, B., "The beneficiation of lithium minerals from hard rock ores: A review", Minerals Engineering, 131, pp.170~184 (2019)
- Tran, T., "Lithium production processes, In Lithium process chemistry", pp.81~124 (2015), Elsevier
- Umeno, A., "Preparation and adsorptive properties of membrane-type adsorbents for lithium recovery from seawater", Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 41(17), pp.4281~4287 (2002)
- Vikström, H., "Lithium availability and future production outlooks", Applied Energy, 110, pp.252~266 (2013)
- William, H., "General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications" (2007), Pearson Prentice Hall
- Xiao, C., "Thermodynamic study on recovery of lithium using phosphate precipitation method", Hydrometallurgy, 178, pp.283~286 (2018)
- Xiao, J. L., "Lithium ion recovery from brine using granulated polyacrylamideMnO2 ion-sieve", Chemical Engineering Journal, 279, pp.659~666 (2015)
- Xiao, W., "Insight into fast Li diffusion in Li-excess spinel lithium manganese oxide", Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6(21), pp.9893~9898 (2018)
- Xu, P., "Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine", Journal of Materials Science, pp.1~48 (2020)
- Yaksic, A., "Using the cumulative availability curve to assess the threat of mineral depletion : The case of lithium", Resources Policy, 34(4), pp.185~194 (2009)
- Yanagase, K., "The recovery of lithium from geothermal water in the Hatchobaru area of Kyushu, Japan", Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 56(8), pp.2490~2498 (1983)
- Yang, Y., "Selective recovery of lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries : a sustainable process", Green Chemistry journal, 20(13), pp.3121~3133 (2018)
- Zeng, X., "Recycling of spent lithium-ion battery : a critical review", Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 44(10), pp.1129~1165 (2014)
- Zhao, R., "Optimization of salt adsorption rate in membrane capacitive deionization", Water Research, 47(5), pp.1941~1952 (2013)
- Zhou, Z., "Recovery of lithium from salt-lake brines using solvent extraction with TBP as extractant and FeCl3 as co-extraction agent", Hydrometallurgy, 191, pp.105244~ (2020)
