古代汉语动词划分研究 — 以《荀子》动词为例 —

Abstract

“Xunzi” is a representative work reflecting the common standard written language of Chinese in the 3rd century BC.Taking “Xunzi” verbs as an example, this paper makes a tentative study on the classification of ancient Chinese verbs. First of all, in the theoretical approach, this paper does not directly adopt the previous syntactic function standard, but strives to conform to the actual research methods of ancient Chinese language.Therefore, on the one hand, it absorbs modern language theory emphasizing semantic description, and on the other hand, combines semantics and syntax to make it a comprehensive analysis system.In this paper, “Xunzi” verbs are divided into three categories: automatic verbs, alternative verbs and relational verbs.Autologous verbs are divided into action verbs, state changes 1, trend verbs; other verbs include action verbs, psychological verbs, state changes 2, and relative verbs are divided into appositive verbs and subordinate verb. Although the above kinds of verbs follow the traditional classification system, this paper gives new content to these nouns to illustrate the subclass verbs at all levels in semantic syntactic system.