과학기술인식의 다원성과 영향요인: 유전자변형식품(Genetically Modified Food: GM Food)에 대한 일반인의 인식을 중심으로
Multi-dimensionality of Perceptions on Science Technology and Its Determinants: The Case of Public Perceptions on Genetically Modified Food(GM Food)
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초록
본 연구는 유전자변형식품(GM Food)에 대한 일반인의 위험인식이 어떻게 구성되어 있으며 위험인식에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇인가에 대한 분석을 목적으로 한다. 위험인식의 초점을 안전성, 편익, 정치경제, 윤리성이라는 네 가지 차원으로 구분하였고 각 차원별로 위험인식에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇이며 또한 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지를 분석하였다. 분석결과 각 차원별로 유의미한 영향변수의 종류와 영향력의 강도가 매우 다양함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 유전자변형식품을 둘러싼 위험인식이 다차원적으로 구성되며 각 차원별 위험인식의 차이 역시 서로 다른 원인에 의해 발생됨을 시사한다. 영향요인 중에서 특히 신뢰와 문화편향이 유전자변형식품에 대한 위험인식에 광범위한 영향력을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 신뢰는 유전자변형식품을 비롯한 과학기술에 대한 근본적인 위험인식에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 정부와 전문가 집단 등 과학기술과 관련된 책임을 가진 집단의 신뢰제고가 과학기술에 대한 근본적인 논쟁을 완화시킬 수 있는 처방으로 제시될 수 있다. 또한 책임 집단의 신뢰제고와 함께 장기적으로 개인이 가지는 세계관이나 자연관에 있어서의 차이를 좁힐 수 있는 노력이 요구된다.
Abstract
This paper seeks to search that how risk perception about Genetically Modified(GM) Foods is constructed to various dimensions and these dimensions are determined by which factors. So we suggest following research questions; First, what factors influence multi-dimensional risk perceptions on GMO technology? Second, how these risk perceptions influence intentions of GMO food purchase actually? This research suggests four concepts-Safety, Benefit, Political economy and Ethics-as dimensions of risk perception on GM Food technology. The result is as follows; First, there are diverse impact factors to risk perception on GM Foods by dimensions. Second, especially, trust and cultural bias have an extensive effect on risk perception. This means that we need to enhance trust on the government and expert groups to mitigate risk perception on GM Foods and to narrow a gap of worldview.
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