소 동일성 검사에 적용 가능한 14 Microsatellite marker와 60 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism marker 간의 판별 효율성 비교
A Comparison of Discriminating Powers Between 14 Microsatellite markers and 60 SNP Markers Applicable to the Cattle Identification Test
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초록
14개의 microsatellite(MS) marker를 사용 할 경우 무작위 교배 집단(PI) 가정 하에 3.43×10－27의 판별율을 보여 60개의 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) marker에 비해 약 1,000배의 높은 판별 효과를 나타내는 것으로 파악되었다. 그러나, 60개의 SNP marker의 경우 반형매 교배 집단(PIhalf-sibs)으로 가정할 경우 4.69×10－20과 전형매 교배 집단(PIsibs)으로 가정 할 경우 8.02×10－12으로 14개의 MS marker에 비해 약 10배와 10,000배의 높은 판별 효과를 나타내는 것으로 추정되었다. 이러한 결과는 무작위 교배집단에서는 사용된 marker의 전체 대립유전자수(MS:SNP = 146:120)에 의하여 판별효율이 결정되는 반면, 혈연관계가 높은 반형매와 전형매 집단에서는 비슷한 총 대립유전자수일 경우 marker의 수(MS:SNP=14:60)가 많은 경우가 더 높은 판별율을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 한육우의 경우 소수의 보증 종모우를 이용해 인공수정을 통해 형성된 거대한 반형매 집단으로 가정하였을 경우 MS와 SNP marker의 판별율은 10배 정도의 차이로 큰 차이를 보이지 않을 것으로 예견되나, likelihood rato를 이용 하는 inclusion 방법에 의하여 부모를 동시에 찾을 확률은 MS marker가 1,000 배 정도 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. SNP marker의 장점인 변이의 안정성, 유전자형 분석의 자동화 및 대용량화 등을 한육우의 동일성 검사에 활용하기 위해서는 분석비용 절감 방안과 분석방법 및 장비의 국산화 등 실용 및 상용화적 측면에서의 연구개발이 필요하다고 사료된다.
Abstract
When 14 microsatellite(MS) markers were applied in the identifying test for 480 Hanwoo, the discriminating power was estimated as 3.43×10－27 based on the assumption of a random mating group(PI). This rate is 1,000 times higher than that of 60 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers. On the other hand, the power of the 60 SNP markers was estimated as 4.69×10－20 and 8.02×10－12 on the assumption of a half-sib mating group(PIhalf-sibs) and a full-sib mating group(PIsibs), respectively. These powers were 10 times and 10,000 times higher than those of the 14 MS markers. The results indicated that the total number of alleles(MS vs SNP = 146 vs 120) acted as a key factor for the discriminating power in a random mating population, and the total number of markers(MS vs SNP = 14 vs 60) was a dominant influence on the power in half-sib and full-sib populations. In the Hanwoo population, in which it was assumed that the entire population is the enormous half-sib group formed by the absolute genetic contribution of a few nuclear bulls, there will be only a 10 times difference in the discriminating power between the 14 MS markers and the 60 SNP makers. However, the probability of not excluding a candidate parent pair from the parentage of an arbitrary offspring, given that only the genotype of the offspring(PNEpp) was 1,000 times higher as shown by the 14 MS markers than that by the 60 SNP markers. The strong points of SNP makers are the stability of the variation(low mutation rate) and automation of high-throughput genotyping. In order to apply these merits for the practical and constant Hanwoo identity test, research and development are required to set a cost-effective platform and produce a homemade apparatus for SNP genotyping.
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