삼이즈다트 문학론(소비에트 러시아와 체코슬로바키아의 삼이즈다트 운동을 중심으로)

Abstract

As we have surveyed above, Samizdat is a typical cultural phenomena in the Soviet Russia, Czechoslovakia and other former communist countries including China. Samizdat-underground literature is a writing that cannot legally be published in those countries. The term 'Samizdat literature' means independent literature and uncensored information published or made public independently, 'by oneself', put into 'unofficial circulation'. It circulates through the medium of Samizdat-handwritten or typewritten (and carbon copied) manuscripts, distributed in something like a chain-letter principle. The borderline between "underground" and "above-ground" literature is not always distinct. Samizdat has emerged in some form, and in varying extent in almost all countries of the former communist world and in other countries with authoritarian systems. In its simplest form it is a means of expressing one's thought and feelings openly and honestly. It offers a way in which the individual can maintain his identity and intellectual integrity and achieve a certain degree of freedom under repressive conditions. Samizdat serves as a vehicle of cultural expression, assuring the continuity of national culture which is threatened by repression and censorship. Samizdat has been seen as a dangerous threat to authoritarian regimes. They have used every means of police harassment to discourage people from engaging in Samizdat - writing, copying and distributing. Even in the former Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, where repression had been most severe, Samizdat and human rights movements had survived until communist governments collapsed in 1989. Inspite of intense efforts, however, the authoritarian states had not been able to stamp out this medium of free expression and integrity of brave conscience people. This is the essence of Samizdat movement.