전농동부군당 조반부인 무신도 연구 - 봉안된 인물 탐색을 중심으로 -
A Study on the Shamanistic Painting of Mrs. JoBan at the JeonnongDong Bugundang: Focus on Exploring of Enshrined Figure
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
전농동부군당에 봉안된 무신도 ‘정열부인숑씨마누ㆆㅏ’(정열부인 송씨 마누라)에 그려져 있는 여성은 조선 개국공신 조반(趙胖, 1341~1401)의 부인으로 서울시 자료와 동대문문화원 자료 및 매스컴에서 소개되어 왔다. 조반이 동적전(東籍田)에 기여한 것에 주목하여 조반부인이라고 추정되어 왔다. 그렇지만 여말선초 여성 초상화의 전형으로 알려져 있는 국립중앙박물관 소장 조반부인 초상화에서 조반부인은 송씨가 아니라 이씨로 표기되어 있다. 조선 풍습에 따라서 부인(配)이 여러 명일 경우에 그 성씨가 모두 기재된 조반의 족보 대동세보에서도 조반부인은 이씨(계림(鷄林)이씨) 한 명만 있을 뿐이다. 따라서 본고에서는 조반부인 무신도로 알려져 온 전농동부군당의 ‘정열부인숑씨마누ㆆㅏ’에 그려진 인물이 누구인가를 관련 사료와 무신도에 근거하여 탐색하였다. 조반부인으로 알려진 전농동부군당 무신도의 명칭은 ‘조반부인 송씨’로 기재되어 있지도 않고 ‘정열부인숑씨마누ㆆㅏ’로 기재되어 있는데, 조반은 천수를 누렸기에 조반부인은 남편 사별 후 정조와 절개를 지킨 정열부인에 해당되지 않는다. 또한 이 무신도의 복식은 조선왕실 여성 복식이기에, 신하 복식으로 그려져 있는 조반과 다르게 그 부인을 왕실 복식으로 그려서 봉안한 것은 복식 측면에서 어울리지 않는다. 본 연구에서 사료와 관련 자료를 탐색한 결과, 동대문 일대에서 민간으로부터 장기간 존경과 동정을 함께 받은 정열부인 송씨가 실재하였음이 파악되었다. 이 송씨부인 자료를 ‘정열부인숑씨마누ㆆㅏ’ 무신도와 비교하여 살펴본 결과, 전농동부군당의 ‘정열부인숑씨마누ㆆㅏ’는 동대문 부근에서 약 65년간 평민으로 살며 조선왕실의 탄압에도 불구하고 백성들로부터 수백년간 추앙을 받아서 그 일대에 여러 유적들이 있는 왕비인 송씨부인일 개연성이 있다. 이 송씨부인은 민간에서의 존경과 동정은 물론이거니와 조선왕조실록에 여러차례 기재되어 있는 정열부인이었고 사후 송씨부인 신이라는 명호로 무가에서 신으로 섬겨지고 있다. 따라서 조반부인으로 알려져온 전농동부군당의 ‘정열부인숑씨마누ㆆㅏ’ 무신도에 봉안된 여성은 성리학 국가인 조선에서 왕실 탄압을 받았던 국모 정열부인 송씨라고 볼 수 있는 가능성을 탐색하였다.
Abstract
The woman depicted in the shamanistic painting “정열부인송씨마누ㆆㅏ ” (the devoted lady whose last name is Song) enshrined in JeonnongDong- Bugundang (JD-dang) has been introduced as the wife of JoBan (趙胖, 1341-1401) that was a founding father of the Joseon Dynasty in Seoul City data, Dongdaemun Cultural Center data, and the mass media. It has been assumed that she is JoBan’s wife, focusing on the historical fact that JoBan contributed to Dongjeokjeon (東籍田). However, in the portrait of JoBan’s wife, which is known as a typical portrait of a woman in the late Goryeo and early Joseon periods, housed in the National Museum of Korea, JoBan’s wife is written as Lee, not Song. According to the customs of the Joseon Dynasty, in JoBan’s genealogy that all of the surnames of multiple wives were recorded, there is only one person with the surname Lee (Gyerim (鷄林) Lee) as JoBan’s wife. Therefore, in this paper, we explored who the person depicted in “정열부인송씨마누ㆆㅏ” (the devoted lady whose last name is Song), known as JoBan’s wife, is based on related historical materials and shamanistic paintings. The title of the shamanistic painting of JD-dang, known as the JoBan’s wife, is not written as “JoBan’s wife whose last name is Song,” but as “the devoted lady whose last name is Song.” However, since JoBan enjoyed a long life, JoBan’s wife does not correspond to a devoted lady who maintained her chastity and integrity after her husband’s death. In addition, since the clothing of this shamanistic painting is that of a Joseon royal woman, it is inappropriate in terms of clothing to depict the wife in royal clothing and enshrine her, unlike Joban, who is depicted in the clothing of a subject. In this study, through the exploration of historical materials and related data, it was discovered that there was indeed a devoted lady named Song who was revered by the people for a long time throughout Joseon society, especially in the Dongdaemun area. Comparing this Song Lady data with the devoted lady whose last name is Song, it is likely that JD-dang’s “정열부인송씨마누ㆆㅏ” (the devoted lady whose last name is Song) was a queen who lived as a commoner for about 65 years near Dongdaemun and was revered by the people for hundreds of years despite the oppression of the Joseon royal family, and for whom there are many historic sites in the area. This lady Song was not only revered by the people, but was also a devoted lady who was recorded several times in the annals of the Joseon dynasty, and after her death, she was worshipped as a goddess by the shamanistic community under the title lady Song. Accordingly, the possibility that the woman enshrined in the “정열부인송씨마누ㆆㅏ” (the devoted lady whose last name is Song), known as lady Joban, could be the queen Song, the devoted lady who was revered in Joseon, a Neo-Confucian state, was explored.