노년기 인지기능 향상 프로그램의 효과
The Effects of a Cognitive Enhancement Program for the Elderly
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초록
본 연구에서는 노화에 따라 인지기능이 저하하는 노인을 대상으로 기억, 주의, 실행기능 향상에 초점을 맞추어 교육, 활동, 훈련으로 구성된 총 10회기의 인지기능향상 프로그램을 실시하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 실험집단 40명(M=72.58세, SD=6.64)과 통제집단 24명(M=74.29세, SD=4.87)에게 사전, 사후, 추후검사를 실시하여 객관적 인지기능, 주관적 기억, 정서상태에 대한 평가 점수 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 실험집단은 통제집단과 달리 프로그램 참여 이후에 언어기억, 시공간기억, 처리속도, 실행기능이 향상되었고, 이러한 프로그램 효과는 1개월 후에도 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 통제집단에 비해 기억책략 사용이 증가했으며 우울, 불안은 감소하고 생활만족도가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 연령에 따른 프로그램 효과를 알아보기 위해 실험집단 참여자를 연소, 중고령, 고령노인으로 구분하여 살펴본 결과, 실행기능은 고령노인까지 모든 연령의 노인에게 프로그램이 유효한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과들은 본 프로그램이 노년기 인지기능의 향상 및 유지에 도움이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 논의에서 본 연구의 의의, 제한점, 추후연구에 대해 기술하였다.
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of a cognitive enhancement program for older adults. The program was composed of meta-cognitive education, discussions regarding cognitive themes, and cognitive training. Forty older adults (M = 72.58, SD = 6.64) in an experimental group and 24 older adults (M = 74.49, SD = 4.87) in a control group were tested using the CERAD-K. Trained older adults demonstrated performance benefits in verbal memory, visual memory, processing speed, executive function, and utilized more memory strategies. These training benefits were also maintained at a 1-month follow-up. Furthermore, life satisfaction improved, and levels of depression and anxiety were reduced in comparison to the control group. Findings suggest that our training program may either help the maintenance or improvement of older adults’ cognitive abilities.
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