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최초의 자산: 창업자의 특성이 신생기업에 미치는 영향

Role of Initial Assets: Entrepreneurs’Attempts to link the Startup Firms to the Environment and their Impacts on firm Survival

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 신생기업의 생존에 기업이 갖고 있는 최초의 자산 중에서 외부의 도움 내지는 외부 환경과의 연결 역할이 얼마나 큰 영향을 미치는 지를 자원의존이론, 조직군 생태학 이론, 시스템 이론 등의 관점에서 검증하였다. 구체적으로, 기업의 창업자가 외부환경으로부터 재무적인 조달을 할 수 있는지의 여부와, 외부 환경에 신생기업을 알리기 위한 마케팅이나 프로모션 활동을 하였는지의 여부, 그리고 창업자가 기업 밖에서 조언자 역할을 하는 멘토를 갖고 활용하고 있는지의 여부가 창업기업의 최고 5년 후 실패에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 미시간 대학교에서 주관, 수집한, 미국의 신생 기업 창업자들을 대상으로 한 PSEDⅡ(Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics Ⅱ)데이터를 사용하여 생존연구을 수행하였다. 분석 결과는, 첫째, 최고경영자의 외부 자금 조달 능력은 기업 실패와 부 (-)의 관계를 보였다. 즉 외부자금을 조달할 능력을 가진 창업자가 경영하는 기업은 실패할 가능성이 적었다. 둘째, 최고 경영자의 마케팅과 프로모션 활동의 전개 역시 기업 실패와 부(-)의 관계를 나타내었다. 마지막으로 창업자의 멘토가 기업 생존에 미치는 영향은 창업자가 여성인 기업인 경우에만 유효하게 나타났다. 이는 남성창업자인 경우는 특별히 멘토의 효과를 기대하기 어렵지만, 여성 창업자의 경우, 멘토의 도움을 통해 기업의 실패 가능성을 줄일 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 전반적으로 본 연구는 자원의존 이론과 조직군 생태학의 일부 이론을 강하게 뒷받침 하는 결과를 도출하였다.

Abstract

In this study, using ecological perspectives and resource dependence theory, we focus on role of initial assets of startup firms on their survival. More specifically, we explain how founders' attempts to link the organization to the environment decrease the likelihood of failure of startup companies. Following the liability of adolescence perspective, we argue that initial assets of startup companies enable them to weather the storm associated with being young and volatile organizations. We predict that founders' ability to provide external financial capital to organizations, founders' marketing and promotion attempts, and founders' mentors outside the organizations increase the initial assets thereby decreasing the likelihood of failure of startup companies. Using Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) II data, we found support for our theory. Both founders' ability to provide external financial capital to organizations and founders' marketing and promotion attempts are negatively associated with firm failure. The impacts of mentor on firm failure were found only among the firms that are founded by female entrepreneurs. Our results suggest that entrepreneurs can increase the chances of survival of their startup firms with external financial capital and marketing and promotion, while female entrepreneurs can also use their mentors to decrease the risks associated with being young and unestablished firms.

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