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스타트업 생태계 관점에서 바라본 신생기업 생존의 원인 조건: 퍼지셋 질적비교분석을 활용한 OECD 국가 비교 분석

The determinants of start-up survival from a perspective of start-up ecosystem: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis in OECD countries

최종민|윤주현|김기만
한국중소기업학회|2022.09|중소기업연구|제44권 제3호|pp. 79-101

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혁신InnovationfsQCA네트워킹Networking생존Survival퍼지셋 질적비교분석Start-up Ecosystem신생기업스타트업 생태계New Firm
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 구성요인 간 상호작용을 중요하게 다루는 스타트업 생태계 관점에서 재무 자원, 인적 자본 등 내부 자원, 혁신, 네트워킹에 관심을 두고 신생기업의 생존에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였다. 선행 연구의 한계를 극복하기 위해 원인조건들 간의 다양한 결합관계를 고려하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 OECD 국가의 자료를 토대로 퍼지셋 질적비교분석(fsQCA: fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis)을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 신생기업의 생존은 단일 원인조건을 통해 일관성 있게 설명되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 신생기업의 생존율이 높은 국가에서 거의 항상 존재하는 원인조건이 없는 것을 의미한다. 다만, 높은 수준의 재무 자원, 인적 자본, 혁신 간 조합을 통해 신생기업의 생존이 높아질 수 있으며, 네트워킹의 경우 단‧중기적인 생존율을 높이기 위한 핵심적 역할을 한다. 이는 스타트업 생태계 관점에서 신생기업 생존의 영향요인을 명확하게 이해하기 위해서는 동일한 결과 발생에 대한 다양한 경로가 존재할 수 있는 인과적 다양성과 복잡성 관점의 접근이 바람직하다는 것을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study analyzed the factors that affect the survival of start-ups from the perspective of start-up ecosystem which emphasizes the interactions of key factors, focusing on internal resources(financial resource, human capital), innovation, networking. Based on data from OECD countries, a fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) was conducted . It was found that the survival of start-ups is not consistently explained through a single causal condition. This means that there is no causal condition that almost always exists in countries where start-ups have high survival rates. However, a combination of high-level financial resources, human capital, and innovation can enhance the survival of startups, and networking plays a key role in improving the short- and medium-term survival rate. This suggests that in order to clearly understand the factors influencing the survival of start-ups from the viewpoint of the start-up ecosystem, it is desirable to approach from the perspective of causal diversity and complexity as the same outcome can happen from multiple pathways.

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