영국철도운송 특성 및 시사점 - 벌크화물운송과 복합운송을 중심으로 -
A Study on Rail Freight in the UK -Focusing on Bulk Freight and Multimodal Transport-
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초록
본 논문은 근래의 영국 철도운송 시스템을 이해하고 철도운송이 보다 더 활성화되기 위해서 공공 부문과 민간 부문간에 서로 어떤 형태로 운영되어야 효과적인지를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 철도운송을 통한 벌크화물운송과 복합운송의 특징에 대해서 살펴보았으며, 이러한 내용을 바탕으로 밀접한 관련성이 있는 사례를 제시함으로써 이해를 돕고자 하였다. 벌크화물운송의 경우 저렴한 가격에 서비스를 제공하는 것이 중요하므로 화차의 공간을 최대한 활용할 수 있는 방안에 집중해야 한다. 복합운송의 경우 선사 혹은 운송주선인이 선행하는 화물의 통합 혹은 혼재 작업이 중요하다. 벌크화물의 경우 공공 부문은 도로운송의 탄력성을 고려하여 계획된 사안을 추진하고자 할 때 일정기간이내에 진행될 수 있도록 해야 하며, 민간 부문은 정부와 지속적인 협력을 통해 철도운송 장려금이 확대될 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 복합운송에 있어 공공 부문은 효율극대화를 위해 종합물류 솔루션제공업체와 장기적 계약을 바탕으로 프로젝트를 추진하는 것이 효과적이며, 민간 부문은 지역물류센터의 중요성을 인식하고 지역물류센터의 입지 및 효율적인 운영에 집중해야 한다.
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to understand the nature of rail freight operations in the UK and to identify the relationship between public sector and private sector in order to vitalize the rail freight. In order to accomplish the objectives, case studies are drawn upon and a supply chain management perspective is taken. When addressing rail freight, public sector managers must understand that there are two distinct rail freight sectors – bulk flow and intermodal containers. The former usually involves regular, single-customer trains with contracts directly between the users and the rail freight companies, which are then the parties with whom the public sector must work to promote bulk flow rail freight. That is, we have to bear in mind that the road transport industry is better positioned to react quickly to demands for flows on new routes, so the public sector must consider any barriers that it is creating to the rail freight industry reacting quickly; otherwise the rail industry will lose this particular competition. Private sector tries to be spread the rail freight grants cross the industry through the constant collaboration with government. In intermodal rail freight, third parties in the form of 3PLs and shipping companies play a pivotal role in aggregating many irregular and small loads into the regular, high volume loads needed for rail freight and they take the commercial risk of under-utilization of pre-booked trains. Moreover, they integrate the different modes of transport required to create complete, global logistics solutions. Clearly, the public sector must engage with these businesses, the complete logistics solutions providers, rather than just the rail freight companies if it wants to see more freight transferred from road to rail. Private sector has to realize the importance of the regional distribution centers. Additionally, the private sector must grapple the location requirements for the regional distribution centers and concentrate on the effective operations of the centers.
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