의자왕대 백제에 대한 당의 인식 변화 — 외교문서의 분석을 중심으로 —

Abstract

This article aims to examine changes in the perception of Tang(唐) dynasty toward Baekje, which were seen Tang’s diplomatic document during the period of King Euija(義慈王). The rescript sent to King Mu(武王) or Tang’s attitude on the funeral of King Mu, showed that Tang dynasty was amicable to Baekje when King Euija ascended the throne. Tang dynasty’s friendly perception toward Baekje remained until the early reign of King Euija. However, Silla complained of pincer movement by Goguryeo and Baekje, then it gave Tang two causes that the tribute road was blocked and Silla faced the crisis to be destroyed. Tang began to suspect Baekje of a collaborator for Goguryeo, which caused a crack in Tang’s perception around Baekje. Goguryeo-Tang war became an opportunity to improve Tang’s suspicion about Baekje. Tang kept suspecting Baekje in the early part of the war preparation, but decreased its suspicion in a certain degree because of Baekje's positive elucidation by sending the prince Buyeo Gangshin(扶餘康信). According to the analysis of rescript to Baekje and Silla, which were sent at the almost same time in the early period of 645, we can find out that Tang had more confidence to Silla than Baekje at least about the war preparation. It is hard to tell only with the rescript whether Tang's regular relations between both kingdoms kept in the same manner like above. While Silla supported Tang actively by sending reinforcements in the Goguryeo-Tang war, Baekje merely supplied Tang with arms and attacked Silla. Therefore Tang could not remove the suspicion around Baekje, but rather assumed that Goguryeo and Baekje collaborated. As Tang distrusted seriously Baekje since Goguryeo-Tang war, Silla took advantage of this moment to organize an alliance with Tang. On the other hand, Baekje concentrated on attacking Silla instead of having negative relationship with Tang, but it could not yield desired result. Rather Baekje was placed on the defensive because of Kim Yushin(金庾信)'s military activities. When Taizong(太宗) of Tang dynasty died and Gaozong(高宗) was crowned, Baekje sent an envoy to sound Tang out. In the rescript, Tang clearly showed that it stood on the side of Silla after the alliance. As Baekje tried improving Tang’s attitude once again to fail, it did not send any envoy more to Tang. Since then Baekje only could choose to strengthen relations with Goguryeo and Wae(倭).