인도 주가드 이노베이션(Jugaad Innovation): 제품개발과 글로벌 확산 가능성에 대한 탐색적 연구
An Exploratory Study of Jugaad Innovation: Product Development and Global Diffusion Possibilities
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초록
주가드 이노베이션(Jugaad innovation)의 특징은 자원제약적인 상황 하에서 이루어진 기술혁신이라는 점에서, 기존의 기술혁신 이론과는 차이가 있다. 종래의 기술혁신에 대한 견해는 기술혁신이란 주로 선진국에서 많은 투자를 하여 맺어지는 과정이나 결과물로 이해하여 왔다. 그러나 주가드 이노베이션은 애초부터 자원이 빈곤한 상황에서 이루어지는 기술혁신이라는 관점에서 볼 때는 새로운 기술혁신이론이라고 사료된다. 본 연구의 기여도는 주가드 이노베이션의 특징과 사례를 분석했을 뿐 만 아니라 더 나아가서 주가드 이노베이션을 가능케 하는 비즈니스 모형을 세분화하여 제시한데 있다. 또한 주가드 이노베이션에 기반을 둔 제품을 선진국에 역수출하는 글로벌 확산가능성을 리버스 이노베이션(reverse innovation)의 관점에서 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 일부 제품들은 선진국에 역수출 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다.
Abstract
Jugaad innovation is different from the previous paradigm of technological innovation in the sense that Jugaad innovation is originated under resource-constrained environment. The traditional view of innovation argues that technological innovation is a newly developed process or outcome through a formidable investment in developed countries. On the contrary to this view, Jugaad innovation belongs to a new paradigm of technological innovation, since Jugaad innovation is originated from resource-poor situations at the outset. A contribution of this study is that we report the characteristics and cases of Jugaad innovation. In addition, we suggest various business models in order to explain the mechanism of Jugaad innovation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of global diffusion of Jugaad innovation in the perspective of reverse innovation. Our finding shows that some of indian products have potentials to be reversely exported from developing countries to developed countries.
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