미국인 아동이 발음한 영어모음의 포먼트 궤적
Formant Trajectories of English Vowels Produced by American Children
1
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Many Korean children have difficulty learning English vowels. The gestures inside the oral and pharyngeal cavities are hard to control when they cannot see the gestures and the target vowel system is quite different from that of Korean. This study attempts to collect children’s acoustic data of twelve English vowels published by Hillenbrand et al. (1995) online and to examine the acoustic features of English vowels for phoneticians and English teachers. The author used Praat to obtain the data systematically at six equidistant timepoints over the vowel segment avoiding any obvious errors. Results show inherent acoustic properties for vowels from the children’s distribution of vowel duration, f0 and intensity values. Second, children’s gestures for each vowel coincide with the regression analysis of all formant values at different timepoints regardless of the vocal fold and tract difference. Third, locus points appear higher than those of American males and females. Their gestures along the timepoints display almost similar patterns. From the results the author concludes that vowel formant trajectories provide useful and important information on dynamic articulatory gestures, which may be applicable to Korean children's education and correction of English vowels. Further studies on the developmental study of vowel formants and pitch values are desirable.
Abstract
Many Korean children have difficulty learning English vowels. The gestures inside the oral and pharyngeal cavities are hard to control when they cannot see the gestures and the target vowel system is quite different from that of Korean. This study attempts to collect children’s acoustic data of twelve English vowels published by Hillenbrand et al. (1995) online and to examine the acoustic features of English vowels for phoneticians and English teachers. The author used Praat to obtain the data systematically at six equidistant timepoints over the vowel segment avoiding any obvious errors. Results show inherent acoustic properties for vowels from the children’s distribution of vowel duration, f0 and intensity values. Second, children’s gestures for each vowel coincide with the regression analysis of all formant values at different timepoints regardless of the vocal fold and tract difference. Third, locus points appear higher than those of American males and females. Their gestures along the timepoints display almost similar patterns. From the results the author concludes that vowel formant trajectories provide useful and important information on dynamic articulatory gestures, which may be applicable to Korean children's education and correction of English vowels. Further studies on the developmental study of vowel formants and pitch values are desirable.
참고문헌 (29)
- 권미지, "이중언어 환경 아동의 모음 포먼트 특성에 관한 연구", 음성과학, 14(3), pp.47~57 (2007), 한국음성과학회
- 심현섭, "뇌성마비 아동의 모음산출에 관한 연구", 언어청각장애연구, 3, pp.68~83 (1998)
- 양병곤, "복합음과 대학생이 발음한 모음 포먼트 측정", 음성과학, 15(3), pp.39~49 (2008), 한국음성과학회
- 양병곤, "영어발음: 컴퓨터를 활용한 새로운 접근" (2008), 부산대학교출판부
- 양병곤, "미국인 남성이 발음한 영어 모음의 포먼트 궤적", 말소리와 음성과학, 1(3), pp.65~72 (2009), 한국음성학회
- 양병곤, "미국인 여성이 발음한 영어모음의 포먼트 궤적", 말소리와 음성과학, 1(4), pp.3~9 (2009), 한국음성학회
- 양병곤, "미국인 남성과 여성이 발음한 영어이중모음의 음향적 연구", 말소리와 음성과학, 2(2), pp.43~50 (2010), 한국음성학회
- 양병곤, "대학생들의 영어모음 발음과 지각", 영어교육연구, 22(4), pp.165~184 (2010), 팬코리아영어교육학회
- 양병곤, "나무젓가락에 의한 영어모음 발음교정 방안", 말소리와 음성과학, 2(4), pp.51~58 (2010), 한국음성학회
- Boothroyd, A, "Speech acoustics and perception" (1986), pro-ed
- Chiba, T, "The vowel: its nature and structure" (1941), Kaiseikwan
- Collins, B, "Practical phonetics and phonology: A resource book for students" (2003), Routledge
- Delattre, P. C, "Acoustic loci and transitional cues for consonants", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27, pp.769~773 (1955)
- Eguchi, S, "Development of speech sounds in children", Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 16, pp.1~51 (1969)
- Giegerich, H. J, "English phonology: An introduction" (1993), Cambridge University Press
- Hillenbrand, J. M, "Effects of consonant environment on vowel formant patterns", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109(2), pp.748~763 (2001)
- Hillenbrand, J. M, "Acoustic characteristics of American English vowels", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97(5), pp.3099~3111 (1995)
- Jenkins, J. J, "Identification of vowels in ‘vowelless’ syllables", Percept. Psychophys, 34, pp.441~450 (1983)
- Jenkins, J. J, "Vowel identification in mixed-speaker silent-center syllables", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, pp.1030~1043 (1994)
- Ladefoged, P, "A course in phonetics" (2001), Heinle & Heinle
- Liberman, A. M, "The motor theory of speech perception revisited", Cognition, 21, pp.1~36 (1985)
- Negus, V. E, "Comparative anatomy and physiology of the larynx" (1949), Grune & Stratton
- Peterson, G, "Control methods used in a study of vowels", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, pp.175~184 (1952)
- Pickett, J, "The sounds of speech communication: A primer of acoustic phonetics and speech perception" (1987), pro-ed
- Traunmueller, H, "Paralinguistic variation and invariance in the characteristic frequencies of vowels", Phonetica, 45, pp.1~29 (1988)
- Watson, C. I, "Acoustic evidence for dynamic formant trajectories in Australian English vowels", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, pp.458~468 (1999)
- Yang, B, "Development of vowel normalization procedures: English and Korean", 박사, pp.1990
- Yang, B, "A comparative study of English and Korean monophthongs produced by male and female speakers", Journal of Phonetics, 24, pp.245~261 (1996)
- 양병곤, "Formant Trajectories of English High Tense and Lax Vowels Produced by Korean and American Speakers", 언어, 35(2), pp.407~423 (2010), 한국언어학회