Improving Transitional-Season Microclimate Control in Greenhouses Using a Dual Thermal-Storage Air-Source Heat Pump System
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Seasonal transitions in greenhouse production often cause rapid fluctuations in temperature and humidity, increasing condensation risk and stressing crop growth. This study evaluates a dual thermal-storage Air-Source Heat Pump (ASHP) system designed to stabilize the greenhouse microclimate under such variable conditions. Monthly heating and cooling loads of a semi-closed greenhouse were first estimated using EnergyPlus to determine operational requirements for thermal storage. The system incorporates a 150-ton main tank and a 60-ton auxiliary tank, enabling independent heating and cooling operation and rapid switching between modes. Field evaluation during the autumn transitional period (October~November 2025) demonstrated substantial improvements in environmental stability. The system maintained daytime cooling at 17~18°C and nighttime heating at 18~20°C, reducing diurnal temperature fluctuation by 40% and relative-humidity variation by 30%. High-humidity durations above 85%—a critical threshold for condensation and disease development—were reduced by 35%. These outcomes indicate that the dual-storage configuration effectively buffers short-term outdoor variability, enhances dehumidification without ventilation losses, and maintains a more consistent canopy-level microclimate. Overall, the dual thermal-storage ASHP system offers a practical and energy- efficient approach for improving greenhouse climate control during transitional seasons and supporting stable crop production. Future work will focus on frost management and AI-based integrated control.
Abstract
Seasonal transitions in greenhouse production often cause rapid fluctuations in temperature and humidity, increasing condensation risk and stressing crop growth. This study evaluates a dual thermal-storage Air-Source Heat Pump (ASHP) system designed to stabilize the greenhouse microclimate under such variable conditions. Monthly heating and cooling loads of a semi-closed greenhouse were first estimated using EnergyPlus to determine operational requirements for thermal storage. The system incorporates a 150-ton main tank and a 60-ton auxiliary tank, enabling independent heating and cooling operation and rapid switching between modes. Field evaluation during the autumn transitional period (October~November 2025) demonstrated substantial improvements in environmental stability. The system maintained daytime cooling at 17~18°C and nighttime heating at 18~20°C, reducing diurnal temperature fluctuation by 40% and relative-humidity variation by 30%. High-humidity durations above 85%—a critical threshold for condensation and disease development—were reduced by 35%. These outcomes indicate that the dual-storage configuration effectively buffers short-term outdoor variability, enhances dehumidification without ventilation losses, and maintains a more consistent canopy-level microclimate. Overall, the dual thermal-storage ASHP system offers a practical and energy- efficient approach for improving greenhouse climate control during transitional seasons and supporting stable crop production. Future work will focus on frost management and AI-based integrated control.