인공 극지환경에 노출된 암석의 동결-융해 풍화특성
Freeze-thaw Weathering Characteristics of Rock Exposed to Simulated Polar Environment
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참고문헌
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초록
최근 들어 극지환경에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있지만 건축물 건설 및 유지보수, 자원탐사 등에 필수적인 극지환경에서의 암석의 물리적 변화에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 남극 세종과학기지의 지질 및 기후환경을 모사하여 실험실에서 인공 동결-융해 시험을 수행하였다. 기지 주변의 주요암종과 동일한 암종인 섬록암, 현무암, 응회암을 국내에서 채취하여, - 20°C 에서 동결시키고 + 10°C에서 융해시키는 인공풍화를 수행하였다. 시험 중 일정 주기마다 주사전자현미경과 X선 단층촬영 영상을 취득하여 미세구조의 변화를 관찰한 결과 모든 시료에서 입자탈락, 균열의 생성 및 확장이 관찰되었으며, 탄성파속도와 건조무게를 측정하여 물리적 특성의 변화를 관찰한 결과 탄성파속도와 건조무게가 선형적으로 감소하였다. 높은 공극률, 낮은 인장강도, 느슨한 구조를 가지는 암석일수록 동결-융해 풍화에 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 암석의 미세구조 및 물리적 특성에 대한 실내실험 기법을 제안함으로써 향후 암석의 풍화 분석에 이용될 수 있으며, 연구결과는 저온지역 암석의 거동 예측에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
Although the interest in polar environment has increased lately, the research in the change of physical properties of rock in these environment, which is essential for construction and maintenance of various building structures and for resource exploration, has been very limited. The artificial freeze-thaw tests in laboratory were performed using simulated geology and climate of the King Sejong Station, Antarctica. Similar rock types around the station, i.e., diorite, basalt, and lapilli tuff in Korea, were used as samples, and artificial freeze-thaw weathering performed from –20°C to +10°C. Using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray computed tomography, the change of microstructure was investigated: particle detachment, crack initiation and propagation. The changes of physical properties including linear decreases of P- and S-wave velocity and dry weight were also analyzed. The rock with high porosity, low tensile strength, and loose structure was susceptible to freeze-thaw eathering. The laboratory test methods and analysis techniques suggested in this research can be applied to further rock weathering assessment and the results are expected to be used to predict the behavior of rocks in cold regions.
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