그랜드 투어(Grand Tour) vs 매스 투어리즘(Mass Tourism)?
Grand Tour vs Mass Tourism?
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Scholars claimed that from the middle of the nineteenth century the tradition of Grand tour gave its way to the emergence of mass tourism. This article criticizes the pervasive scholarly judgement that emphasizes the shift from travel to tourism, and the difference and the rapture between them. Mass tourism remains as a controversial terminology and historians and sociologists randomly apply it with their own perspectives. While many sociologist who specialized modern tourism interpret the mass tourism as a product of mass consumerism after the World War Ⅱ, a group of historians trace its origin back to 1815, the year of following the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars. The mass tourism, however, could only have developed with the improvements in technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time. With these infrastructure, Thomas Cook who was able to launch the first group package tour with chartered train for working class. Behind the Cook’s effort to defend for his working class clients, existed the strong snobbism of Victorian elites. More seriously, today’s scholars inheriting the sentiment build a stubborn dichotomy between the Grand Tour and the mass tourism. This article demonstrates that the making of a sharp distinction between these two types of travel is arbitrary. Mass tourism comprises a very diverse set of activities. The history of travel, therefore, is best seen as a history of coexisting and styles whose temporal boundaries blur.
Abstract
Scholars claimed that from the middle of the nineteenth century the tradition of Grand tour gave its way to the emergence of mass tourism. This article criticizes the pervasive scholarly judgement that emphasizes the shift from travel to tourism, and the difference and the rapture between them. Mass tourism remains as a controversial terminology and historians and sociologists randomly apply it with their own perspectives. While many sociologist who specialized modern tourism interpret the mass tourism as a product of mass consumerism after the World War Ⅱ, a group of historians trace its origin back to 1815, the year of following the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars. The mass tourism, however, could only have developed with the improvements in technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time. With these infrastructure, Thomas Cook who was able to launch the first group package tour with chartered train for working class. Behind the Cook’s effort to defend for his working class clients, existed the strong snobbism of Victorian elites. More seriously, today’s scholars inheriting the sentiment build a stubborn dichotomy between the Grand Tour and the mass tourism. This article demonstrates that the making of a sharp distinction between these two types of travel is arbitrary. Mass tourism comprises a very diverse set of activities. The history of travel, therefore, is best seen as a history of coexisting and styles whose temporal boundaries blur.
참고문헌 (56)
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