Translation, Adaptation and Cross Language Validation of Tinnitus Handicap Inventory in Urdu
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Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is characterized as a perception of numerous auditorysounds in absence of external stimulus. Tinnitus can have a considerable consequence ona person’s quality of life, and is considered to be very complicated to quantify. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the reliability and validity of Urdu translation of the Tinnitus HandicapInventory (THI) in Pakistan. It was designed to assess the presence of various auditorysounds without the external stimulus. Scale consisted of 25 items having three subscalesfunctional, emotional, and catastrophic. Subjects and Methods: The study comprised intotwo stages, preliminary and main studies. The results of preliminary study revealed that theoverall scale had high internal consistency [alpha coefficient of Urdu version of THI (THIU)=0.99, alpha coefficient of English version of THI=0.98]. The overall scale had test-retestcorrelation over a fifteen days period of interval (0.99). Main study was performed on 110tinnitus patients. The results of main study showed that the internal consistency and reliabilityof Urdu version was (α=0.93). The THI-U and its subscales demonstrated good internalconsistency reliability ( α =0.81 to 0.86). Results: High to moderate correlations werenoted between tinnitus symptom ratings. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to validatethe three subscales of THI-U, and high inter-correlations were found between thesubscales also results revealed that a three-factor model for the THI-U was most tenable. The results displayed that the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed to validate the threesubscales of THI-U. Conclusion: THI-U might present important information about precisefacets of tinnitus distress along with diagnostic interviews in clinical practice.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is characterized as a perception of numerous auditorysounds in absence of external stimulus. Tinnitus can have a considerable consequence ona person’s quality of life, and is considered to be very complicated to quantify. The aim of thisstudy was to investigate the reliability and validity of Urdu translation of the Tinnitus HandicapInventory (THI) in Pakistan. It was designed to assess the presence of various auditorysounds without the external stimulus. Scale consisted of 25 items having three subscalesfunctional, emotional, and catastrophic. Subjects and Methods: The study comprised intotwo stages, preliminary and main studies. The results of preliminary study revealed that theoverall scale had high internal consistency [alpha coefficient of Urdu version of THI (THIU)=0.99, alpha coefficient of English version of THI=0.98]. The overall scale had test-retestcorrelation over a fifteen days period of interval (0.99). Main study was performed on 110tinnitus patients. The results of main study showed that the internal consistency and reliabilityof Urdu version was (α=0.93). The THI-U and its subscales demonstrated good internalconsistency reliability ( α =0.81 to 0.86). Results: High to moderate correlations werenoted between tinnitus symptom ratings. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to validatethe three subscales of THI-U, and high inter-correlations were found between thesubscales also results revealed that a three-factor model for the THI-U was most tenable. The results displayed that the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed to validate the threesubscales of THI-U. Conclusion: THI-U might present important information about precisefacets of tinnitus distress along with diagnostic interviews in clinical practice.
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