관동대지진 전후 제국일본의 조선인 대책과 사회사업 사상 - ‘내선융화’ 사업을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This article examines the ideology of social work of Japanese Empire and the security measure against Koreans before and after the Kanto Earthquake in 1923. The basic policy of Governor-General of Korea after the 3.1 independence movement in 1919 was to divide the pro-Japanese and anti-Japanese, that is, protect the ‘good citizen’ and oppress the ‘mob’. The social work was actively conceived as a method to approach to the people. The Japanese police announced policy of protecting Koreans in Japan immediately after the Kanto earthquake. The contents were to hold Koreans in camps, to prohibit returning to homeland, and to mobilize them to social work for "harmonious integration of Koreans and Japanese"(Naisen-yuwa). Koreans were housed in camps under the name of protection and relief and mobilized for labor and restoration projects in the process of fear of massacres. Tokyo branch of Governor-General of Korea and other police officials like Akaiike and Maruyama served as central roles in the security measure against Koreans after the earthquake. They actively assessed the activities of vigilantes who led the massacre of the Korean people after the earthquake, by regarding them as the "People's Police" or the “autonomous spirit of citizen”. In addition, they actively supported the Souaikai, labor organization of Koreans in Japan and instructed Koreans to serve the restoration activities after the earthquake. As a result, the Souaikai maintained a firm relationship with the governor-genera of Korea, by developing a post-earthquake reconstruction project. The social work as the method of security measure was soon become the responsibility of the Korean people themselves. In other words, the social work after the Kanto Earthquake brought about a restructuraling that the Koreans partly took charge of the divisional rule. The characteristics of the ideology of social work of Empire can be pointed out the combination of social solidarity theory and 'Naisen-yuwa'. The social solidarity theory which conceal the contradictions and conflicts surrounding imperial society, not only served as conter-ideology against socialism, but also translated into meaning of harmony integration of Koreans and Japanese. The ideology of social work which advocated 'de-political' and 'non-national' had a political effect of reorganizing the imperial order.