아파트 실내ㆍ외 미세먼지(PM10, PM2.5)와 블랙카본(Black Carbon)의 계절별 농도 및 시간대별 분포 특성 사례연구
A Case Study on Distribution Characteristics of Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matters (PM10, PM2.5) and Black Carbon (BC) by Season and Time of the Day in Apartment
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: Particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) and black carbon contribute to poor air quality in urban areas, and can also affect indoor environments. Exposure to PM can be associated with respiratory and lung diseases. Objectives: This study investigated the indoor and outdoor concentration distribution patterns of PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon at an apartment building, a typical residential space in the metropolitan areas of South Korea, by season, day of the week (weekday vs. weekend), and time of the day. It aims to obtain foundational data for the effective management of pollutants and investigate the difference in pollution levels between indoor and outdoor environments. Methods: Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM and black carbon were measured at an apartment building located in Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do Province, using dust sensors and an Aethalometer AE51 (AethLabs, San Francisco, CA, USA) over the course of a year from June 2020 to May 2021. The concentration distribution patterns were analyzed by season and time of day. Results: PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in the outdoor environment were higher than those in the indoor environment, regardless of the season. By contrast, the indoor black carbon concentration was higher than that in the outdoor environment during summer and autumn. The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon were found to be higher on weekdays than during weekends, especially during rush hour, with concentrations of 25.92~56.58 μg/m3, 21.12~44.82 μg/m3, 0.63~3.40 μg/m3. Conclusions: The outdoor concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon were higher during the weekdays, especially during rush hour, than during weekends. This study is expected to provide basic data for the health management of apartment occupants because it is measured over a period of more than one year.
Abstract
Background: Particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) and black carbon contribute to poor air quality in urban areas, and can also affect indoor environments. Exposure to PM can be associated with respiratory and lung diseases. Objectives: This study investigated the indoor and outdoor concentration distribution patterns of PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon at an apartment building, a typical residential space in the metropolitan areas of South Korea, by season, day of the week (weekday vs. weekend), and time of the day. It aims to obtain foundational data for the effective management of pollutants and investigate the difference in pollution levels between indoor and outdoor environments. Methods: Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM and black carbon were measured at an apartment building located in Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do Province, using dust sensors and an Aethalometer AE51 (AethLabs, San Francisco, CA, USA) over the course of a year from June 2020 to May 2021. The concentration distribution patterns were analyzed by season and time of day. Results: PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in the outdoor environment were higher than those in the indoor environment, regardless of the season. By contrast, the indoor black carbon concentration was higher than that in the outdoor environment during summer and autumn. The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon were found to be higher on weekdays than during weekends, especially during rush hour, with concentrations of 25.92~56.58 μg/m3, 21.12~44.82 μg/m3, 0.63~3.40 μg/m3. Conclusions: The outdoor concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon were higher during the weekdays, especially during rush hour, than during weekends. This study is expected to provide basic data for the health management of apartment occupants because it is measured over a period of more than one year.
참고문헌 (45)
- Jun MJ, "The effects of polycentric evolution on commute times in a polycentric compact city : a case of the Seoul Metropolitan Area", Cities, 98, pp.102587~ (2020)
- Janssen NA, "Health Effects of Black Carbon" (2012), World Health Organization
- Zhang S, "Short-term exposure to air pollution and morbidity of COPD and asthma in East Asian area : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Environ Res, 148, pp.15~23 (2016)
- Pope CA 3rd, "Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution : epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease", Circulation, 109(1), pp.71~77 (2004)
- To T, "Progression from asthma to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Is air pollution a risk factor?", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 194(4), pp.429~438 (2016)
- Renwick LC, "Increased inflammation and altered macrophage chemotactic responses caused by two ultrafine particle types", Occup Environ Med, 61(5), pp.442~447 (2004)
- Islam JB, "Particulate matter and black carbon concentration in ambient air of an urban-traffic influenced site at Farm Gate, Dhaka, Bangladesh", Jagannath Univ J Sci, 3(1), pp.87~96 (2014)
- Lou S, "Black carbon amplifies haze over the North China Plain by weakening the East Asian winter monsoon", Geophys Res Lett, 46(1), pp.452~460 (2019)
- Bond TC, "A technology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion", J Geophys Res, 109(D14), pp.D14203~ (2004)
- Rim KT, "A Study on the Effects of Carbon Black to Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammation Reaction" (2010), Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA
- Jansen KL, "Associations between health effects and particulate matter and black carbon in subjects with respiratory disease", Environ Health Perspect, 113(12), pp.1741~1746 (2005)
- He C, "Contribution from indoor sources to particle number and mass concentrations in residential houses", Atmos Environ, 38(21), pp.3405~3415 (2004)
- Wallace LA, "Source strengths of ultrafine and fine particles due to cooking with a gas stove", Environ Sci Technol, 38(8), pp.2304~2311 (2004)
- 오장욱, "국내 지역별 미세먼지 농도 리스크 분석", 한국안전학회지, 32(5), pp.157~167 (2017), 한국안전학회
- 이상진, "울산시 미세먼지의 유해대기오염물질 오염 특성", 환경분석과 독성보건, 21(4), pp.281~291 (2018), 한국환경분석학회
- 서영호, "상업지역의 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 발생특성 연구", 한국대기환경학회지, 31(2), pp.97~104 (2015), 한국대기환경학회[DOI]
- 박승식, "광주 지역에서 aethalometer 측정 블랙 카본 입자의 질량흡수단면 평가", 한국대기환경학회지, 34(5), pp.727~734 (2018), 한국대기환경학회[DOI]
- Afshari A, "Characterization of indoor sources of fine and ultrafine particles : a study conducted in a full-scale chamber", Indoor Air, 15(2), pp.141~150 (2005)
- Thomas KW, "Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology(PTEAM)1990 study : method performance and data quality for personal, indoor, and outdoor monitoring", J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol, 3(2), pp.203~226 (1993)
- Choi YS, "Long-term variation in midweek", weekend cloudiness difference during summer in Korea, 2008, pp.42(28), 6726~6732
- Motallebi N, "Day-of-week patterns of particulate matter and its chemical components at selected sites in California", J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 53(7), pp.876~888 (2003)
- 방종일, "외기 중 미세먼지의 공동주택 실내 유입에 관한 연구", 대한건축학회논문집 구조계, 34(1), pp.61~68 (2018), 대한건축학회[DOI]
- Jones NC, "Indoor", outdoor relationships of particulate matter in domestic homes with roadside, urban and rural locations, 2000, pp.34(16), 2603~2612
- "Asian dust"[URL]
- Chao CY, "Residential indoor PM10 and PM2.5 in Hong Kong and the elemental composition", Atmos Environ, 36(2), pp.265~277 (2002)
- Ścibor M, "Impact of wind speed and apartment ventilation on indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Kraków, Poland", Air Qual Atmos Health, 13(5), pp.553~562 (2020)
- Won SR, "Characteristics of particles and gaseous pollutants generated from roasting fish and meat in kitchens", J Environ Anal Health Toxicol, 22(4), pp.224~229 (2019)
- 홍석환, "도심 도로변 가로녹지가 주변 오픈스페이스의 미세먼지농도에 미치는 영향 연구", 한국환경생태학회지, 32(3), pp.323~331 (2018), 한국환경생태학회[DOI]
- Chen C, "A methodology for predicting particle penetration factor through cracks of windows and doors for actual engineering application", Build Environ, 47, pp.339~348 (2012)
- Nadali A, "Indoor and outdoor concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in residential building and evaluation of negative air ions (NAIs) in indoor PM removal", Environ Pollut Bioavailab, 32(1), pp.47~55 (2020)
- 김종찬, "황사에 의한 미세먼지의 입경분포 특성", 환경분석과 독성보건, 16(4), pp.266~271 (2013), 한국환경분석학회
- Gotschi T, "Comparison of black smoke and PM2.5 levels in indoor and outdoor environments of four European cities", Environ Sci Technol, 36(6), pp.1191~1197 (2002)
- 이용기, "미세먼지 입경농도 분포의 지역별 특성", 한국대기환경학회지, 28(6), pp.666~674 (2012), 한국대기환경학회[DOI]
- 전병일, "부산지역 최근 4년간(2015∼2018년) PM10과 PM2.5농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성", 한국환경과학회지, 29(7), pp.749~760 (2020), 한국환경과학회[DOI]
- 이승복, "봄철 서울 도로변의 검댕 오염 특성", 한국대기환경학회지, 23(4), pp.466~477 (2007), 한국대기환경학회
- LaRosa LE, "Real-time indoor and outdoor measurements of black carbon in an occupied house : an examination of sources", J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 52(1), pp.41~49 (2002)
- Hegg DA, "Chemical apportionment of aerosol column optical depth off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States", J Geophys Res, 102(D21), pp.25293~25303 (1997)
- Christoforou CS, "Trends in fine particle concentration and chemical composition in southern California", J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 50(1), pp.43~53 (2000)
- 김호현, "공기청정기 사용으로 인한 실내 미세먼지 제어 및 위해 저감 - 가정집(원룸)을 대상으로", 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지, 14(4), pp.253~262 (2015), 한국냄새환경학회[DOI]
- 이보람, "몽골 울란바토르 시 전통 주거공간의 실내공기 오염 기초조사", 한국환경보건학회지, 42(2), pp.118~125 (2016), 한국환경보건학회
- Viana M, "Indoor and outdoor sources and infiltration processes of PM1 and black carbon in an urban environment", Atmos Environ, 45(35), pp.6359~6367 (2011)
- 이기웅, "교외지역 블랙카본 농도 측정", 대한기계학회논문집 B, 38(1), pp.17~24 (2014), 대한기계학회
- Baxter LK, "Predicting residential indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter, and elemental carbon using questionnaire and geographic information system based data", Atmos Environ(1994), 41(31), pp.6561~6571 (2007)
- Safai PD, "Seasonal variation of black carbon aerosols over a tropical urban city of Pune, India", Atmos Environ, 41(13), pp.2699~2709 (2007)
- Rattigan OV, "Long term black carbon measurements at two urban locations in New York", Aerosol Air Qual Res, 13(4), pp.1181~1196 (2013)
