고려사의 北方語 성씨 石抹에 대하여

Abstract

In the sources of the Goryeo dynasty, a particular surname "Shimo / Seokmal (石抹) often appears. According to the "Explanation of Nomenclature (guoyu jie 國語解)" Chapter in the Official History of the Liao (Liaoshi 遼史), there is a surname Shulü (述律) which was written as Xiao (蕭) in Chinese characters. The male members of the Liao imperial clan adopted the surname Yelü (耶律), and some members of the empress clan used Xiao (蕭) as their surname. After the fall of the Liao, the surname Shulü (述律) was changed to Shimo (石抹). According to the Imperial Dynastic Language Glossaries in the Liao, Jin and Yuan Histories (Qinding Liao, Jin, Yuan sanshi guoyu jie 欽定遼金元三史國語解，46 volumes, completed in the 47th year of the Qianlongera, 1782), the pronunciation of the surname Shulü was transliterated in Manchuas šuru, and Shimo as šumuru. This shows that the two surnames were phonetically identical. On the other hand, in historical sources of the Goryeo dynasty, the Chinese equivalent of the surname Shulü, the Han Chinese style surname Xiao (蕭), also appears in the names of embassies between the Liao and Goryeo. In addition, a few people from the Yuan who maintained contact with the Goryeo people also had the surname Shimo. The use of the surname Shimo is due to the change from Shulü to Shimo. The surname Shimo is also the surname of many officials found in the List of Records of the Original Meritorious Officials on the Founding of the Dynasty (Gaeguk wonjong gongsin rok gwon, 開國原從功臣錄券), the list of meritorious official recognized in the founding of the Joseon dynasty. Later, the surname Shimo became a common surname of the Joseon dynasty - pronounced as Seokmal in Korean, as evident in the various sources of the Joseon dynasty. However, the character Shimo was mis-written as character 㸴 (CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3E34), and the sound was mislead to be so/syo (소/쇼, equivalent to the Korean reading of the character 牛 at this time).